On March 30, 2024 at 6:37pm, a Daher TBM 960 aircraft (N960LP) was involved in an accident near Truckee, California while attempting to perform a missed approach procedure. The personal flight, under Part 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, resulted in the deaths of both the pilot and the passenger. Departing from Centennial Airport in Denver, Colorado, the aircraft climbed to 30,000 feet and maintained a westerly course before beginning its descent over Lake Tahoe, heading towards Truckee-Tahoe Airport (TRK). The flight data indicated several critical mode changes in the aircraft's autopilot and navigation systems during the final approach, culminating in a crash in snow-covered terrain 3,200 feet north of the runway. Visibility was under 0.34 miles due to light snow, and the airport's Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) lights were inoperative (NOTAM issued for runway 21), adding to the landing challenges.

The accident's causes are under investigation by NTSB, focusing on multiple factors including adverse weather conditions and technical difficulties. The low visibility and overcast ceiling at 900 feet significantly impaired the pilot's ability to land safely. The failure of the VASI lights and unsuccessful attempts to activate runway lights further complicated the situation. Final flight data revealed rapid altitude changes and autopilot mode adjustments, indicating potential confusion or control issues during the missed approach. This incident highlights the critical importance of operational equipment, thorough pre-flight checks, and robust weather preparedness to ensure flight safety.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. After encountering poor weather due to snow that in addition to the Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) lights being inoperative, the pilot was not able to see the runway and initiated a missed approach, which was followed by a climbing right turn where multiple changes to the aircraft’s Autopilot mode was made. Just before the accident, the Autopilot was turned off as the aircraft climbed to 6,850 ft while making a left turn at 148 knots. The last ADS-B signal indicated the airplane was at an altitude of about 280 ft above the ground and a speed of 170 knots. 

This suggests that even when the airplane was in a descent left turn, conditions were present that produced a potential somatogravic illusion of ascending flight and resulted in spatial disorientation of the pilot. Amelia™ provides a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s altitude, pitch, roll and other flight envelope parameters. Even with the somatogravic illusion of ascending flight, Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the pilot about the altitude, pitch and the roll angle being outside the flight envelope for that phase of the flight. This would have prevented the pilot’s spatial disorientation and the crash that followed. 

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On July 26, 2019, a float-equipped Cessna 208 Caravan, operated by Seair Seaplanes and registered as C-GURL, departed from Vancouver International Water Aerodrome, British Columbia, on a visual flight rules journey to a remote fishing lodge. With one pilot and eight passengers on board, the aircraft encountered adverse weather conditions that were below the minimum requirements for visual flight rules near the destination. Despite this, the aircraft proceeded and at 11:04am, it tragically struck the hillside of Addenbroke Island, resulting in the deaths of the pilot and three passengers, with four passengers seriously injured and one sustaining minor injuries. The aircraft was completely destroyed upon impact. The investigation discovered that the decision to depart under such weather conditions may have been influenced by group dynamics among the pilots. The aircraft's advanced avionics were not configured effectively to alert the pilot to the impending terrain.

The probe into the accident revealed multiple contributing factors, including the pilot's decision to continue flying under reduced visibility without recognizing the close proximity to terrain. It was found that the aircraft, despite being equipped with terrain awareness devices, had these features configured in such a way that they failed to alert the pilot of the rising terrain. The aircraft was not mandated to carry on-board flight recorders, but it did have devices capable of recording flight data, which significantly aided the investigation. The occurrence underscored the essential nature of flight data monitoring capabilities for operators to improve operational safety and detect unsafe practices. The investigation also highlighted the critical role of regulatory oversight in ensuring that operators adhere to safety regulations and manage the inherent risks in their operations effectively.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. After encountering poor weather conditions, the pilot continued the flight in reduced visibility, without recognizing the proximity to terrain, and subsequently impacted the rising terrain of Addenbroke Island. 

Firstly, Amelia™ Flight Envelope integrates with on-board recorders  and allows real-time monitoring of flight operators including altitude and terrain proximite.  The aircraft struck trees on Addenbroke Island at an altitude of approximately 490 feet ASL, at an airspeed of 114 knots, and in a relatively straight and level attitude. Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have detected the alarming proximity to the terrain  and prevented the collision. 

Amelia™ also can pull in operating parameters from advanced avionics devices. In Cessna 208 Caravan (C-GURL), this would have potentially included the: 

• Garmin GFC 700 (Digital automatic flight control system (AFCS), which included a flight director and autopilot.

• Garmin G1000 avionics system, which integrated a terrain awareness system within the synthetic vision technology system (Terrain-SVS) and a traffic advisory system (TAS).

• The forward-looking terrain avoidance (FLTA) 

In this specific accident, the synthetic vision system was active. But FLTA was inhibited. This resulted in the synthetic vision system  unable to provide visual alerts to the pilot for the rising terrain ahead. Amelia™ acts as a trusted companion and would have still been able to alert the pilot in a polite but timely fashion. 

Secondly, Amelia™ Health Envelope would have assisted the pilot in monitoring his fatigue during the flight and alerted him once it reached a threshold where the pilot’s decision-making process was affected. The investigation by Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) conducted a fatigue analysis of the pilot and determined that 3 fatigue risk factors were present, which most likely influenced the pilot’s performance, attention, vigilance, and general cognitive function to some degree on the day of the accident.

On October 8, 2012, a Daher (SOCATA) TBM 700N aircraft, registration C-FBKK, experienced a loss of control and crashed in a forest near Renfrew, Ontario, 20 nautical miles southwest, after departing from Ottawa/Carp Airport, Ontario. The aircraft, on its way to Wiarton, Ontario, climbed through its assigned flight level 260 (FL260) and entered a right-hand turn that escalated into a spiral dive. At approximately 12:19pm Eastern Daylight Time, the aircraft impacted the ground, resulting in a complete destruction of the aircraft and the death of the pilot, who was the sole occupant. Small fires consumed parts of the wreckage. The aircraft's emergency locator transmitter was damaged upon impact, and its signal was not detected by the satellite system.

The investigation by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) into the crash identified several operational anomalies but could not definitively determine the reason for the loss of control. Factors such as the oxygen system's OFF position, the pilot's seating in the right-hand seat, the apparent disengagement of the autopilot, and the settings of the cabin pressurization control did not clearly explain the spiral dive and subsequent crash. The pilot, an experienced aviator with over 19,200 flight hours, including around 700 on type, had a valid airline transport pilot license and medical certification despite being on medication for high blood pressure and high cholesterol. The weather conditions at the time of the accident were not considered a contributing factor.

Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient oxygen for normal bodily functions, emerged as a potential factor in the sequence of events leading to the accident, particularly if the aircraft experienced an undetected loss of pressurization and if emergency oxygen was not available due to the oxygen system's OFF position. The aircraft was equipped with a pressurization system controlled by the Global Air System Controller (GASC) and an oxygen system meant to supply the crew and passengers in case of pressurization loss. Despite the presence of emergency procedures for descent in the event of depressurization, the occurrence pilot may not have been able to initiate or complete these procedures.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. At 12:11pm, Toronto Centre cleared C-FBKK to FL240 and a minute later cleared the aircraft to FL260. At 12:16pm, the aircraft climbed through FL260 and without prior clearance, continued climbing until FL275. As he was approaching flight level FL260, the pilot may have experienced hypoxia, lost consciousness. Since the aircraft was being flown manually, the pilot may have first kept the aircraft flying up towards FL275 and then fainted towards his right. This would have resulted in moving the yoke that entered the aircraft in a right turn, which rapidly developed into a spiral dive. Amelia™’ cognition capabilities allows her to build the Health Envelope of the pilot and keep track of it during flying. She would have caught the pilot’s symptoms of even a mild hypoxia at FL260 based on his Health Envelope and would have alerted the pilot to put on oxygen while decreasing altitude.  

On October 10, 2021, a privately registered Daher TBM700 N (C-FFYM) also designated as Daher TBM 900, encountered a loss of control during its landing at Westlock Aerodrome, Alberta. The incident occurred at 1102:26 Mountain Daylight Time, following an instrument flight rules flight that originated from Vernon Airport, British Columbia, with a stop at Calgary/Springbank Airport, Alberta, to pick up additional passengers. Consequently, there were one pilot and three passengers aboard. The aircraft bounced upon landing, and during the go-around attempt, it rolled to the left, struck the runway inverted, and came to rest on the runway's south side. This accident resulted in the pilot and one passenger sustaining serious injuries, while the two other passengers suffered minor injuries. There was significant damage to the aircraft, but no post-impact fire was reported.

The investigation into the accident revealed several contributing factors, including an unstable approach characterized by deviations in speed, descent rate, and aircraft configuration, leading to an inappropriate touchdown and subsequent loss of control. The aircraft's descent was poorly managed, resulting in a higher than optimal descent angle and speed, with corrective actions taken too late to stabilize the approach adequately. Additionally, the analysis highlighted issues related to crew and passenger safety, including the pilot's and passengers' use of restraint systems, which varied in their adherence to safety protocols. This accident underscores the critical importance of adhering to stabilized approach criteria, proper use of safety restraints, and the execution of go-around procedures when an approach cannot be stabilized, to enhance the safety of flight operations.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment.  

When the aircraft completed the turn to establish the final approach, it was 1.4 nautical miles (NM)  and a descent path of 3.9°, which is significantly steeper than an optimal descent path of 3°. The airspeed was 104 knots indicated airspeed (KIAS), 19 knots faster than the normal approach speed of 85 knots listed in the pilot’s operating handbook (POH). Amelia™ provides a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s altitude, pitch, roll and other flight envelope parameters. The Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the optimal descent path of 3° and alerted the pilot when the descent path crossed the 3° threshold. In addition she would have been tracking the normal approach speed and advised the pilot to keep it at 85 knots as listed in the pilot’s operating handbook (POH) to keep a stable approach. 

In addition, during the short final when the aircraft descended to 1 foot above the ground prior to the paved surface of Runway 28, where there were “STALL” sound alerts as the airspeed had decreased to 66 KIAS, the pilot continued  to use the pitch to control the rate of descent rather than by adding power. As a result, the airspeed continued to decrease and the aircraft entered a stall, resulting in a hard landing and a subsequent bounce. Amelia™ would have alerted the pilot about the need for increased power (to decrease the rate of descent) during the approach while using the elevator to control pitch (which then controls airspeed), which if followed would have resulted in a soft landing. 

On October 15, 2016, at 7:32 am, a Socata TBM 700N (M-VNTR) crashed during its approach to Fairoaks Airport, Surrey, resulting in a major injury to the pilot and minor injury to the passenger. The aircraft, manufactured in 2015 and piloted by a 79-year-old with a Private Pilot's Licence and 5272 hours of flying experience (1585 on type), was on a private flight from Ronaldsway Airport, Isle of Man. The approach was compromised by a higher-than-normal bank angle during the final turn onto the runway, prompted by a closer downwind leg due to low-lying mist. This maneuver led to a stall, from which the aircraft did not recover, striking the ground and sustaining extensive damage. 

The visibility was recorded as 4500 m with a surface wind from 240° at 3 kt, and runway 24 was in use. Despite the pilot's recollection of setting the flaps to landing position and adjusting power to maintain an approach speed of 90 kt reducing to 80 kt, the aircraft descended rapidly after further increasing the bank angle to realign with the runway. Witnesses and radar data confirmed that the aircraft was lower and closer to the runway than usual, turning with a steep angle of bank. An examination indicated that the flaps were set to takeoff position at the time of the accident, and there was no evidence of pre-existing mechanical failures. The analysis concluded that a stall occurred during the final approach due to the aircraft's proximity to its stalling speed, exacerbated by the attempt to increase the angle of bank. Recovery was attempted but was ultimately unsuccessful due to insufficient altitude.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. As confirmed by the passenger who himself was a commercial pilot and experienced on light general aviation types, and had flown other TBM variants, he recalled hearing an audio warning tone when bank angle increased significantly. He also confirmed the pilot’s account that the downwind leg was flown closer to the runway than usual and thought the aircraft would not be able to turn tightly enough to avoid flying through the extended runway centreline. 

The audio warning tone was likely the stall warning tone and came too late for either the pilot or the passenger to take corrective measures for a stable approach. Amelia™ would have been able to alert the pilot even before the stall  audio warning tone. Amelia™ provides a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s altitude, pitch, roll and other flight envelope parameters. During the tight turn while the flight descended, Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the pilot about the stall speed increasing during the final approach due to higher angle of bank. This would have given the pilot a few more seconds to apply full right aileron while pushing the power lever fully forward and also pushed the control column forward, to stabilize the approach or do a go-around, preventing the accident. 

On January 21, 2022, Cessna 172 S aircraft (VT-AMU), operated by M/s Pioneer Flying Academy Pvt. Ltd., experienced an accident at 8:16 PM local time (14:46 UTC) near Aligarh Airport, Uttar Pradesh, during a night cross-country flying training. The flight, under the supervision of a Flying Instructor with valid ratings and over 2400 hours of flying experience, along with a Trainee Pilot having 177:50 hours of experience, embarked on the route Aligarh-Ramnagar-Aligarh. The aircraft departed from Aligarh Airport, an uncontrolled airport, around 1305 UTC in visibility estimated at 3.5 km. The crew managed to spot all the checkpoints for the circuit pattern and turned for the final approach to Runway 29. However, they encountered a thick layer of smoke at around 400 ft altitude, decided to descend past it to sight the runway, and initiated a go-around upon reaching around 300 ft due to dense smoke and loss of visibility. Disorientation occurred during the go-around, resulting in a crash approximately 2 miles from Aligarh Aerodrome.

The investigation by Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) concluded that somatogravic disorientation followed by complete loss of situational awareness led to a Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT), which was the immediate cause of the accident. Contributory factors included non-adherence to DGCA rules, Training Procedure Manual (TPM) procedures, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and lack of supervision. The serviceability of the aircraft was not a causative factor. The analysis also pointed out inconsistencies and ambiguities in regulatory guidance for night flying in visibility conditions below VMC, which allowed the flying training organization to undertake special VFR operations at night under less than the required 5 km visibility at an uncontrolled airfield.  

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. During the final approach at 400ft, as the aircraft was aligned with Runway 29 the crew encountered a thick layer of smoke at around 400 ft altitude. At this juncture, the crew decided to descend past the smoke layer and see if the runway was visible further down in altitude. At around 300 ft altitude, the pilot was still not able to see due to dense smoke/ fog  and decided to go around and added full power to the engine. The pilot tried to figure out the aircraft’s position with respect to the runway by looking for outside visual references instead of internal instruments. The aircraft crash landed on an agriculture field in Aligarh 1340 meters from Runway 29.

This suggests that even when the airplane was in a descent, conditions were present that produced a somatogravic illusion of ascending flight and resulted in spatial disorientation of the pilot. Amelia™ provides a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s altitude, pitch, roll and other flight envelope parameters. Even with the somatogravic illusion of ascending flight, Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the pilot about the altitude, pitch and the roll angle being outside the flight envelope for that phase of the flight. This would have prevented the pilot’s spatial disorientation and the crash that followed.

On June 5, 2018, at approximately 3:45pm local time, a Cessna 421B aircraft (N421MM), crashed in dense bushes shortly after takeoff from Rock Sound International Airport, Eleuthera, Bahamas. The crash site was located approximately 0.41 nautical miles north of the runway 09 threshold and 1.42 nautical miles from the runway 27 threshold. The pilot and two passengers aboard the aircraft perished in the accident, which also resulted in the aircraft being destroyed by impact forces and a post-crash fire. The flight, which was operated under the provisions of the USA 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a private flight, was destined for Ft. Pierce International Airport in Florida, USA. At the time of the accident, visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no VFR flight plan had been filed for the flight.

The investigation by the Air Accident Investigation Department (AAID) concluded that the probable cause of the accident was the pilot's failure to maintain control of the aircraft. Analysis indicated that the aircraft was not producing the required takeoff power at the time of the crash, despite no pre-existing conditions that would have prevented the aircraft's engines from operating normally at full power. Critical evidence that could have provided further insights into the crash was destroyed in the post-impact fire. Among the findings, it was noted that the fuel selector valve for the left engine was found in the crossfeed position, which is significant since the pilot operating handbook requires the fuel selector to be on the main tank for takeoff and landing operations. The right valve was melted, and its position could not be determined. No pre-impact engine fire evidence was found during the engine analysis.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. Despite critical evidence that could have provided further insights into the crash was destroyed in the post-impact fire, it looks likely that the cause of the pilot's failure to maintain control of the aircraft was due to fuel starvation in the left engine with engine sputtering happening at some point in time not far after take off. 

Amelia™ is aware of various procedures and checklists in the Pilot Operating Handbook and aware of the recommended settings. It is possible that after the possible sputtering of the left engine, the left engine fuel selector was positioned by the pilot from the main tank to the auxiliary tank position (crossfeed position). Based on the digitization of the aircraft, Amelia™ would have detected this and alerted the pilot that the fuel selector position and valve should be on the main tank for takeoff and landing operations. This would have prevented the fuel starvation of the left engine and averted the accident. 

On January 5, 2022, a Cessna 402B aircraft (N145TT), experienced a dual engine power loss and subsequently crashed into the waters approximately 4.48 NM west of Chub Cay Airport (MYBC) in the Berry Islands, Bahamas, at 8:32 am EST. The aircraft, operated by Airway Air Charter INC (Venture Air Solutions INC) under Part 135 of the Title 14 US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), had embarked on a flight from Opa Locka Executive Airport (KOPF), Opa Locka, Florida, to Chub Cay International Airport, with two individuals onboard. Prior to departure, the aircraft had been refueled with 66.5 gallons of avgas in its main tanks, without any addition to the auxiliary tanks.

The incident unfolded during the aircraft's descent into Chub Cay at approximately 2500 feet, when the left engine began to sputter, followed shortly by the right engine exhibiting the same issue. Despite the pilot's efforts to execute the engine failure checklist, both engines lost power, leading to the aircraft's crash into the sea. Rescue efforts were promptly initiated by the United States Coast Guard, the Royal Bahamas Defense Force (RBDF), and the Police Force (RBPF), with support from local mariners and pilots. Both occupants were rescued and later airlifted to the United States for medical attention for minor injuries.

The investigation, constrained by the inability to recover the aircraft from the deep waters for analysis or testing, relied on a review of available documents such as maintenance logbooks, air traffic control records, pilot accounts, weather forecasts, and airman training records. The analysis revealed that the aircraft had been maintained according to regulatory standards, and there were no pre-existing mechanical irregularities noted that could have contributed to the dual engine failure. The pilot, who had completed initial training for the Cessna 402B model and possessed a valid Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate, may have mismanaged the fuel system, leading to the loss of engine power. Specifically, the pilot's decision to switch from the main tanks to the auxiliary tanks, without verifying the fuel quantity in the auxiliary tanks, contradicted the Cessna Pilot Operating Handbook's emergency checklist for addressing engine failure. 

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. Amelia™ is aware of various checklists in the Pilot Operating Handbook and can recommend checklist procedures. Here after the sputtering of the left engine, the left engine fuel selector was positioned by the pilot from the main tank to the auxiliary tank position. This was a deviation from the Cessna’s engine failure checklist. Amelia™ would have detected this issue and alerted the pilot before he did the incorrect emergency checklist procedure again after the sputtering of the right engine. This would have possibly averted the accident. 

On February 5, 2023, a Learjet 60, registered as N357WP, encountered an accident upon landing at North Eleuthera International Airport (MYEH), Bahamas, at approximately 8:56 am EST. Operated by Hera Flight LLC under US Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135, the aircraft, originating from Vero Beach Regional Airport (KVRB), was performing an instrument flight rules (IFR) journey with a Captain and First Officer onboard. During the final approach, managed by the First Officer as the Pilot Flying, a series of miscommunications and uncertainties regarding the landing procedure and aerodrome information became evident. The cockpit voice recorder captured the First Officer’s confusion over the runway designation and the LNAV/VNAV approach not being authorized, alongside nonessential conversations deviating from the sterile cockpit rule. The accident sequence initiated with an "SINKRATE" warning from the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System, followed by the Captain urging to "ADD POWER" due to an unstable approach and insufficient airspeed. Despite these efforts, the aircraft made a forceful impact on the runway, resulting in significant damages but no injuries to the crew.

The Aircraft Accident Investigation Authority (AAIA) identified the primary cause of the accident as an unstabilized approach leading to abnormal runway contact. Contributing factors included inadequate crew resource management, lack of compliance with sterile cockpit procedures, and insufficient pre-flight preparation, particularly in familiarizing with the destination airport and approach procedures. The analysis highlighted a stark contrast in the communication styles of the Captain and First Officer, with the latter engaging in nonessential dialogue during critical flight phases and displaying a lack of knowledge about the destination and approach protocol. 

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. Amelia™  Flight Envelope keeps track of the  final approach speed (Vref) for landing and would have warned the Captain and the First Officer around the time the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) alert sounded  but before the Captain figured out that the Vref was 10 knots before the stable approach speed. This would have given more time for the First Officer and the Captain to act by adding power to increase speed above Vref, averting an accident  Amelia™  Flight Envelope would have also continuously kept track of heading/pitch in addition to Vref to ensure that the. descent rate was within the parameters of a stablized approach.

On October 26, 2023, at 3:02pm local time, a Gulfstream Aerospace Commander 690C (N840KB) was involved in an accident near Reno, Nevada, during a familiarization flight conducted under Part 91 for other work use. The flight, aimed at assessing a pilot applicant being considered for hire by the operating company, encountered a critical incident on final approach approximately 100 feet above ground level. The pilot applicant made an excessive nose-down pitch adjustment, leading to a significant descent rate that could not be adequately countered by the corrective actions of both the pilot applicant and the check pilot. Despite their efforts to pull back on the yokes, the aircraft impacted the terrain short of the runway, resulting in substantial damage to the right wing and fuselage. The check pilot reported no mechanical failures or malfunctions with the aircraft that would have impeded normal operations prior to the accident. The incident led to serious injuries to the pilot applicant and minor injuries to the check pilot.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) identified the probable cause of the accident as the pilot applicant's overcorrection with an excessive nose-down pitch, combined with the check pilot’s delayed intervention, which culminated in the aircraft's terrain impact. This event highlights the critical importance of proper control and response to unexpected aircraft behaviors, especially during the crucial phases of flight such as final approach and landing. 

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment.  Amelia™ is aware of the flight phase of the aircraft and the correct pitch angles to keep the aircraft in the flight envelope. With this information, she is capable of providing the pilot alerts for corrective actions to prevent accidents. The excessive nose-down pitch by the pilot during the  final approach (approximately 100 ft above ground) would have been detected by the Amelia™ Flight Envelope and  communicated timely to the pilot, potentially mitigating the adverse outcomes.

On May 19, 2023, at 1:54pm, Piper PA-28R-200 (G-EPTR) was involved in an accident at Perth Airport, Perth, Western Australia during a training flight. The aircraft, piloted by a commander with substantial flying experience and accompanied by a student, failed to deploy its landing gear upon approach, leading to a gear-up landing. This oversight was attributed to the crew's distraction by another aircraft performing a practice engine failure in their vicinity, causing them to miss both the downwind leg and final approach checks for landing gear deployment. Despite no injuries to the occupants, the aircraft suffered significant damage including a shock-loaded engine, bent propeller, and damaged flaps. The installed automatic landing gear extension system, designed to lower the gear based on speed and engine power, had been manually overridden and disabled, a common practice for the aircraft, leaving the responsibility for gear deployment solely to the crew.

The accident's root cause was identified as human error, exacerbated by distraction and the lack of adherence to checklist protocols during critical phases of flight. Both pilots failed to observe the landing gear's warning signals, possibly due to selective attention or malfunctioning indicators, though this was not confirmed. Recommendations to prevent such accidents include the strict adherence to checklist procedures regardless of flight phase or external distractions, and reevaluation of the practice of disabling automatic safety features that could serve as fail-safes in human oversight scenarios. The incident highlights the critical importance of maintaining focus on standard operating procedures and the potential for advanced warning systems to mitigate the risk of accidents stemming from human error.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment.  The Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have accurately figured out that the aircraft was on the final approach, the landing gear was not deployed and would have alerted the pilot. In addition, Amelia™ would have also observed the landing gear's warning signals, both visual and audio, and alerted the pilot.

On July 17, 2023 at 11:31 am, the pilot took off in a Cessna 210M (G-TOTN) from Ronaldsway Airport, Isle of Man and was involved in an accident, which tragically resulted in the pilot's death. The investigation found no mechanical issues that could have led to the accident, suggesting it was a deliberate act by the pilot, who had been dealing with sleep problems and anxiety. The pilot flew southwest of the Isle of Man before flying up and down the coast several times. The pilot then made a turn onto a heading that placed the aircraft on a collision course with the cliff at Bradda Head, where it struck the cliff. 

The pilot has been seeing a GP, who had prescribed drugs to try and alleviate the symptoms. The GP was separate from his Aeromedical Examiner (AME) .This highlights the importance of pilots disclosing their health issues to AMEs, as the pilot had not informed his AME about his prescribed medications for sleep and anxiety. This lack of communication could have led to a suspension of his medical certificate if disclosed. 

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics.  Amelia™ Health Envelope would have noticed that the pilot is showing symptoms of fatigue, lack of sleep, anxiety or abnormal state of mind.  Based on this, she would have alerted him of this state. This interjection coming from a trusted virtual companion may have resulted in the pilot becoming aware of his abnormal state of mind and made him reconsider his decision to fly towards Bradda Head below the level of the clifftop. Lastly, the pilot made several phone calls during the flight that indicated that he did not intend to return from the flight. Amelia™ has access to cockpit conversation in real time and can analyze these conversations to assist the pilot as needed. In this situation, she would have figured out the pilot’s intent and would have tried to reason with him and potentially saved his life. 

On August 5, 2001, at 0443 UTC, a Dassault Falcon 20 aircraft (D-CBNA) crashed near Narsarsuaq, Greenland.The aircraft was on a charter flight under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), operated by two crew members, both of whom, along with one passenger, suffered fatal injuries. The crash occurred 4.5 nm southwest of the aerodrome during a final approach to runway 07, in dark night conditions and Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC). The aircraft was destroyed upon impact.

The primary factors contributing to the accident were the flight crew's failure to follow Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), including non-adherence to the approach procedure, altitude calls, and checklist reading. Additionally, the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) was inoperative, and the crew was experiencing peak fatigue. The lack of Crew Resource Management (CRM) and non-compliance with SOPs significantly reduced defenses against Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT). The accident was classified as a CFIT, where the aircraft, under the control of the crew, collided with terrain without prior realization of the impending impact. No safety recommendations were issued during the investigation.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. The accident occurred at 0443 hrs, where the human body with reference to circadian physiology is programmed to sleep (peak fatigue). On the assumption that the flight crew got up at 0700 hrs on August 4, 2001, the flight crew had been awake for approximately 22 hours at the time of the accident.Thereby, the flight duty time was exceeded by 2:56 hrs. It is in the opinion of the Danish AAIB that the exceeding of the flight duty time in combination with the above mentioned physiological elements, resulted in fatigue and thereby degraded the performance and the alertness of the flight crew. Possibly, an underestimation by the flight crew of their fatigue contributed to improper decision making, lack of situational awareness and thereby to their failure to properly execute the approach. First Amelia™ Health Envelope would have noticed the pilot in command (PIC) was showing symptoms of fatigue. She would have alerted the PIC before it became critical where it would result in his significant reduction in his ability to make proper decision making to execute a stable approach.  

 Second, in combination to fatigue, another contributing element to the accident might have been stress, since the flight was chartered to deliver the cargo in KSDF at 0900 hrs on August 5, 2001. When leaving EPGD, the flight was more than two hours late. The handling agent in BIKF stated that the PIC (The Commander) seemed stressed. Amelia™ besides offering safety features of Health Envelope and Flight Envelope, it also acts as a companion that has been with the pilot long term and can assist the pilot in aeromedical evaluation accurately based on her long term history with the pilot, here the PIC. This along with Amelia™’ real time Health Envelope would have figured PIC’s stress level was above the safe threshold and that the PIC is not in a condition to make a stable approach. 

Third, the spatial disorientation resulting in a Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) situation. CFIT accidents are accidents in which an aircraft, capable of being controlled and under control of the flight crew, is flown into the ground, water, or obstacles with no prior awareness on the part of the flight crew of the impending collision. Although CFIT accidents occur in all phases of flight, most occur during the approach and landing phase. The flight crew continued descending, relying only on the angular subtends of the runway and not cross checking the aircraft flight instruments. The flight crew were preoccupied with maintaining visual reference during the descent and did not adequately monitor the aircraft flight instruments, and they were hereby exposed to the “black hole” phenomenon resulting in a lack of vertical position awareness. Consequently, they misjudged the aircraft’s true altitude and were not aware of their proximity to the terrain.  The true distance from the runway was misjudged. A bright runway/aerodrome and a good visibility lead to an underestimation of the distance. The Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have accurately presented the altitude, preventing the “black hole” phenomenon. 

On May 27, 2013, Piper PA39 aircraft was involved in a crash near Eisenach-Kindel Airfield, Wolfsbehringen, Germany. The pilot, who was the sole occupant, lost control of the aircraft shortly after takeoff, leading to a fatal crash. The investigation identified the pilot's sudden incapacitation due to a tachycardic arrhythmia as the primary cause of the accident. Contributing factors included the pilot's chronic heart condition, inadequate self-assessment of his fitness to fly, insufficient aeromedical evaluation, and complexities in the governmental organizational structure regarding aviation medical regulations.

The BFU (Bundesstelle für Flugunfalluntersuchung, German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation) report also scrutinizes the aeromedical aspects, revealing the pilot's long-standing heart disease and recent worsening of symptoms, which were not adequately addressed in his medical evaluations. Despite having a valid medical certificate, his fitness to fly was questionable, and the report highlights deficiencies in the aeromedical evaluation process. It emphasizes the need for thorough and cautious medical assessment, especially in the presence of complex medical conditions, to ensure the safety and fitness of pilots.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. During the take-off phase the pilot must have lost consciousness due to tachycardic arrhythmia and therefore lost control over the airplane. 

First Amelia™ Health Envelope would have noticed the pilot’s Atrial fibrillation conditions, which was resulting in his significant reduction of the cardiac output. She would have noticed this even before the Atrial fibrillation became critical to the extent leading to the pilot becoming incapacitated. This would have possibly given the pilot enough time to turn back, declare an emergency and try to land as soon as possible at the Eisenach-Kindel Airfield. 

Second, pilot heart’s illness was chronic. There was also a clear lack of self-reflection of the pilot regarding his illness and fitness to fly. Amelia™ besides offering safety features of Health Envelope and Flight Envelope, it also acts as a companion that has been with the pilot long term and can assist the pilot in aeromedical evaluation accurately based on her long term history with the pilot. This along with Amelia™’ real time Health Envelope would have figured out that pilot is not in a condition to make the flight that resulted in the crash. 

On August 28 2020, a Cessna 401A aircraft was involved in an accident at Arnsberg-Menden Airport based on a report from the German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (BFU). The accident occurred during the final approach phase, resulting in the aircraft impacting the ground short of the runway. The three occupants on board suffered severe injuries, and the airplane was substantially damaged. The investigation identified several contributing factors to the accident: the pilot did not correct the approach by increasing engine power or aborting the approach, failed to monitor the airspeed during the final approach, and steered the airplane into an uncontrolled flight attitude during the flare. Additionally, the approach was not stabilized and not aborted, the pilot did not pay attention to the Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPI) and did not perceive the stall warning, and the continuously changing approach parameters likely exceeded the pilot's capabilities, leading to a loss of goal-oriented control of the airplane.

The flight had originated from Marl-Lohmühle Airfield, with the pilot and two passengers onboard for a Visual Flight Rules (VFR) flight to Arnsberg-Menden Airfield. After takeoff, the pilot established radio contact for crossing the control zone towards Arnsberg. During the final approach, the airspeed decreased continuously, falling below the minimum control speed and eventually below the stall speed. The aircraft then impacted a slope more than 200 meters in front of the runway threshold. The approach initially seemed normal, but the pilot had pulled the engine power into idle, focusing on the beginning of the runway. The wind conditions during the approach were reported, and the airplane’s landing gear and flaps had been extended. However, the aircraft eventually plunged and disappeared from view, leading to the impact and severe injuries of the occupants.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. The aircraft appeared to be in a stabilized approach until the pilot likely lost situational awareness as he was struggling with optical illusions and monitored the flight progress and instruments insufficiently. Even the pilot colleague had to address him and drew his attention to the low speed of the airplane when the pilot stopped observing the airplane for a short time to make entries in the computer. Such a situation would have been avoided with the Amelia™ Flight Envelope. 

Lastly, the pilot did not comply with the criteria for a stabilized approach. The chosen approach instead required continuous control inputs to reduce speed and adjust engine power to accommodate configuration changes. During this high workload approach, Amelia™ Health Envelope could have caught change in pilot’s behavior as a result of not being in peak mental state due to work overload before a critical level would be reached and alerted the pilot.

Full article can be found here. 

On March 2, 2018, a serious airplane accident occurred at Stuttgart Airport involving a Diamond DA40 NG aircraft. During a go-around maneuver, the aircraft deviated from its take-off direction, collided with an airport fence, and crashed into a field. The flight, which began at Schönhagen Airport and was manned by a pilot with three passengers, faced difficulties due to snowy conditions and a closed runway at Stuttgart. The pilot, a 58-year-old with substantial flying experience, communicated regularly with air traffic control throughout the flight. As the plane approached Stuttgart, it encountered various challenges, including changes in altitude and speed instructions from air traffic control. The plane's approach was marked by a gradual descent and fluctuations in airspeed, and the pilot made several adjustments in response to air traffic control's directions and the evolving conditions. Despite these efforts, the plane collided with the airport fence while about 2 meters in the air, leading to an abrupt deceleration and crash without forward motion, resulting in minor injuries to two passengers and substantial damage to the aircraft and airport fence.

The accident's primary cause was identified as erroneous control inputs by the pilot during the go-around procedure, which led to the plane losing directional control and entering an uncontrolled flight attitude. Contributing factors included improper handling of the Automated Flight Control System (AFCS), insufficient checking of system indications by the pilot, a delayed decision to go around, incorrect go-around procedures, spatial disorientation of the pilot during the maneuver, and the pilot's decision to conduct the flight with an aircraft not equipped for Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight under unsuitable weather conditions. Additionally, there was insufficient meteorological pre-flight preparation, underutilization of cockpit automation, and a high stress level of the pilot due to weather conditions, high approach speed, and the complexity of the approach sequence.

Amelia™ offers a Flight Envelope for the aircraft and a Health Envelope for the pilot, effortlessly integrating as an unobtrusive add-on within the avionics system, requiring no modifications to existing equipment. A landing accident is often preceded by a non-stabilized approach. In order to prevent landing accidents, decision criteria for a stabilized approach were developed for pilots whose non- adherence (1,000 ft AAL in IMC and 500 ft AAL in VMC) should result in termination of the approach. Amelia™  is enabled by a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s operating parameters such as pitch and attitude. The Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the pilot about the high pitch angle in addition to the high pitch angle indicated on the PFD and the acoustic stall warning from Garmin G1000. 

According to the BFU, the high stress level was the reason why the pilot did not realize the high pitch angle indicated on the PFD, did not hear the acoustic stall warning, and eventually flew to- wards the fence incapable of action. Here, Amelia™ Health Envelope would have assisted the pilot in monitoring his stress during the flight and alerted him once it reached a threshold where the pilot’s decision-making process was affected. Amelia™ Health Envelope would have figured out that pilot is stressed well before the stress became a factor in the pilot decision making process that resulted in the aircraft’s high pitch angle, high pitch angle indicated on the PFD and the acoustic stall warning from Garmin G1000. 

According to BFU, once the pilot had “missed” the beginning of the descent by 75 seconds and the 2 Dot deviation from the glide-slope was indicated on the PFD, he should have aborted the approach and initiated a missed approach procedure. Part of these 75 seconds would have been gained by the pilot through Amelia™ Health Envelope. This extra time would have potentially given the pilot enough time to a safe go-around without hitting the fence.

On November 6, 2018 near Clariden, Switzerland, a Airbus 340-642 (South African Airways)  was involved in a serious incident during a commercial flight from Johannesburg, South Africa, to Frankfurt, Germany, with 259 persons on board. The aircraft, while in cruise flight at Flight Level (FL) 380, experienced a sudden change in high-altitude wind conditions, leading to an overspeed condition. This prompted the Pilot in Command (PIC) to deactivate the autopilot and manually control the aircraft, resulting in several activations of the stall warning as the aircraft climbed and then descended to stabilize at FL 340.

Investigative findings highlighted several critical issues during the incident. The unexpected wind direction change during cruise flight was not anticipated by the crew, causing the aircraft to exceed its maximum operating speed. The flight crew did not follow the established overspeed recovery procedure. The PIC, in an attempt to manage the situation, incorrectly applied the Overspeed Emergency Bulletin (OEB) No. 49, leading to the deactivation of two of the three Air Data Inertial Reference Units (ADIRUs) and the Autothrust system. This resulted in the aircraft being temporarily controlled under Alternate Law, a less protective flight control mode. The PIC's control inputs were not sufficient to stabilize the flight attitude promptly, and the crew's overall cooperation and procedure implementation during the overspeed and stall recovery were flawed.

The Airbus A340 involved was well-maintained and certified for commercial passenger transport. The aircraft, manufactured in 2003, had accumulated significant operating hours and flights without reported defects in its flight control system. The flight crew, consisting of the PIC and two co-pilots, were experienced and well-rested, with the crew having undergone rest periods as per the flight safety guidelines.

Fortunately, there were no injuries to the crew or passengers, and no damage to the aircraft was reported following the incident. The Airbus A340's advanced control systems, including the fly-by-wire system with high angle of attack and high-speed protections, played a crucial role in managing the situation. These systems, however, were impacted by the crew's actions and the aircraft's temporary operation in Alternate Law.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. Spatial disorientation meant that the PIC was not able to recognize the flight attitude and played an important role in the incident. The Flight Data Recorder (FDR) data prove that the fluctuation of wind speed caused by mountain waves and their influence on the aircraft resulted in longitudinal deceleration or acceleration. Using acceleration sensor data, Gravito-Intertial Force (GIF) was calculated. It is a force which affects the human equilibrium organ and is experienced by pilots as pitch-up or pitch-down movement.

Amelia™  is enabled by a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s operating parameters including the attitude. Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the pilot about the  autopilot flight attitude especially when the PIC disabled the autopilot, which was compensating for altitude loss in the downdraft. Amelia™’ 3D holographic interface would have clearly indicated that there was a difference between the PIC’s observed pitch angle and the actual pitch angle. This would have made the PIC realize that he was experiencing spatial disorientation. 

Full article can be found here. 

On October 11, 2021, a Cessna 340A  (N7022G) crashed near Santee, California, during a personal flight under instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). The pilot, conducting a cross-country flight, was receiving vectors for an instrument approach when control issues arose. Initially instructed to descend and align with the localizer for a runway approach, the pilot struggled to maintain course and altitude despite repeated instructions from air traffic control. Advanced dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data indicated the aircraft's deviation from the instructed path and failure to reach the assigned altitudes, resulting in a fatal descent.

The weather conditions and the plane's recent avionics upgrade played significant roles in the accident. The pilot was maneuvering between cloud layers, potentially causing in-and-out transitions into IMC, contributing to spatial disorientation. Although familiar with modern avionics, it was unclear if the pilot was adequately trained for the specific model installed in the aircraft. The investigation suggested that the pilot likely experienced spatial disorientation during the accident, leading to a high-energy impact. No preexisting mechanical issues were found. The probable cause was identified as loss of control due to spatial disorientation.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. During the divergence from the instrument approach, the airplane was in and out of IMC conditions, finally climbing back into IMC conditions. Continuing the instrument approach, without the in and out of IMC, would have meant a stabilized approach and a safe descent below the cloud layer prior to landing. Amelia™ is enabled by a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s operating parameters. Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have advised the pilot to maintain IMC while also helping the pilot during the in-and-out transitions into IMC. This would have prevented the pilot’s spatial disorientation. 

On March 22, 2009, the Pilatus PC-12/45 (N128CM) near Butte, Montana, was involved in an accident primarily caused by a series of failures on the part of the pilot. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the crash occurred due to the pilot's failure to add a fuel system icing inhibitor to the fuel before the flights that day. Additionally, the pilot did not take appropriate actions after the development of a low fuel pressure state and a lateral fuel imbalance, which resulted from icing within the fuel system. The pilot also failed to divert to a suitable airport before the fuel imbalance became extreme. The final element leading to the accident was the loss of control while the pilot was maneuvering the left-wing-heavy airplane near the approach end of the runway. The accident could have been prevented had the pilot adhered to the established guidelines requiring the use of a fuel system icing inhibitor when flying in ambient temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. Moreover, the pilot's decision-making process was flawed, as evidenced by the failure to divert to a suitable airport upon noticing the fuel pressure issues and fuel imbalance.  

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. The text relating to the pilot's failure to divert to a suitable airport before the fuel imbalance became extreme is found in the NTSB report and states: 

"The pilot did not divert to another airport at that time even though three suitable airports along the airplane’s route of flight—BOI, TWF, and LLJ—were available to the pilot. The pilot began to divert to BTM about 30 minutes after the maximum allowable fuel imbalance was estimated to have been exceeded. At that time LLJ was the closest airport to the airplane’s position. Once the airplane’s route of flight changed, DLN became the most suitable diversion airport relative to the airplane’s position, but the pilot decided to continue to BTM". 

The report noted that the Pilot's Operating Handbook for the PC-12 stated that when such an imbalance occurred, the pilot should land the airplane as soon as practical, but the pilot did not do so immediately, even with several viable options for diversion. Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the pilot about the fuel imbalance. 

Secondly, Amelia™ Health Envelope would have assisted the pilot in monitoring his fatigue during the flight and alerted him once it reached a threshold where the pilot’s decision-making process was affected. The NTSB considered fatigue as a potential factor in the pilot’s decision-making. 

On April 28, 2017, a Pilatus PC-12/45 (N933DC) air ambulance, operated by Rico Aviation LLC, crashed shortly after takeoff from Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport, Texas, leading to the deaths of the airline transport pilot and two medical crew members onboard. The aircraft, manufactured in 1994 with 4407 total airframe hours, was en route to Clovis Municipal Airport, New Mexico, in night instrument meteorological conditions. Shortly after departure, air traffic control noticed an incorrect transponder code and abnormal flight patterns, including a rapid ascent to 6,000 feet and erratic changes in pitch and roll angles. After switching frequencies and losing transponder contact, the aircraft rapidly descended at up to 17,000 feet per minute, as per radar data. 

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) concluded that the accident was primarily caused by the pilot's spatial disorientation during the initial climb in challenging conditions, including night flying, instrument meteorological conditions, and moderate turbulence. An airplane performance study indicated non-standard maneuvers such as excessive pitch and roll, alongside pilot errors like incorrect transponder setting and unclear communications. 

The apparent pitch and roll angles, which represent the attitude a pilot would "feel" the airplane to be in based on his vestibular and kinesthetic perception of the components of the load factor vector in his own body coordinate system, were calculated. The apparent pitch angle ranged from 0° to 15° as the real pitch angle steadily decreased to -42°, and the apparent roll angle ranged from 0° to -4° as the real roll angle increased to -78°. This suggests that even when the airplane was in a steeply banked descent, conditions were present that could have produced a somatogravic illusion of level flight and resulted in spatial disorientation of the pilot. Amelia™ provides a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, an intuitive way to gauge aircraft’s pitch and roll.  Even with the somatogravic illusion of level flight, Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have alerted the pilot about the pitch and the roll angle being outside the flight envelope for that phase of the flight. This would have prevented the pilot’s spatial disorientation and the crash that followed. Full article here. 

On July 16 1999, a  Piper PA-32R-301, Saratoga II (N9253N), crashed into the Atlantic Ocean approximately 7 1/2 miles southwest of Gay Head, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. On-board were John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife Carolyn Bessette, and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette, all of whom tragically died on July 16, 1999. The Piper Saratoga aircraft was being piloted by John F. Kennedy Jr., originating from New Jersey's Essex County Airport, was en route to Martha's Vineyard Airport, following a coastal path over Connecticut and Rhode Island Sound. The crash resulted in three fatalities and led to the total destruction of the aircraft. Kennedy, who was not certified for flying solely with instruments, faced challenging visual flight conditions during the journey, with obscured landmarks due to the weather and light.

The NTSB investigation concluded that Kennedy experienced spatial disorientation while descending at night over water, causing him to lose control of the plane. Despite being a certified private pilot, Kennedy lacked an instrument rating and was therefore restricted to flying under visual flight rules (VFR). On the night of the crash, visibility was reduced, and there was no clear visual horizon, conditions which are particularly challenging without instrument flying skills. The report highlighted Kennedy's limited flying experience, particularly at night and without a certified flight instructor, and emphasized that illusions and spatial disorientation are common causes of accidents in adverse weather conditions and at night. The investigation found no evidence of mechanical malfunction, stating the probable cause of the accident as the pilot's failure to maintain control due to spatial disorientation, exacerbated by haze and darkness.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. Kennedy’s spatial disorientation due to haze and dark night resulted in his failure to maintain control of the airplane during a descent over water at night. He may have not been able to accurately determine the attitude or motion of the aircraft in relation to the earth's surface. Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have helped him to get an intuitive sense of his position even though he was not IFR (Instrument Flight Rule) certified. Amelia™ Flight Envelope is not meant to be a substitute to IFR instrumentation in the aircraft but an add-on that can help the pilot to monitor and gauge the aircraft’s performance and operation. Amelia™ provides a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, which would have assisted Kennedy pilot when he entered the haze and night setting over the water. 

In addition, Amelia™ Health Envelope would have kept track of Kennedy’s health and Amelia™ would have helped as a companion co-pilot to keep the pilot calm during the while crossing the 30-mile stretch of water to its destination, about 34 miles west of Martha's Vineyard Airport. This phase of flight was the also the phase of the flight where Kennedy’s aircraft began a sharp descent ranging from 400 to 900 feet per minute (fpm), that resulted in the crash after a fatal right turn where the aircrafts’s rate of descent and airspeed increased dramatically. Full article here

On August 1 2003, the Cessna 182T Skylane (N666JH) experienced a tragic accident near Marlow, Buckinghamshire. The aircraft, piloted by a 78-year-old with over 4,810 flying hours, took off from Wycombe Air Park bound for Rochester. Shortly after departure, the aircraft entered a spiral dive and crashed, resulting in the fatal injury of the pilot and the complete destruction of the aircraft. Initial investigations revealed no pre-existing aircraft defects, and evidence suggested that the pilot might have been partially incapacitated during the flight. 

The pilot, who also owned the aircraft, had previously delivered it to Wycombe Air Park for its annual service. On the day of the accident, after departing from the airstrip, the aircraft was last seen in a fast descending right-hand turn. The plane's engineering evaluation showed no signs of autopilot or engine malfunctions, leading to the conclusion that the accident's primary causes were operational rather than technical. The pathologist's report hinted at potential factors causing pilot incapacitation. Analysis from flight simulators and medical reports suggests that the pilot might have been partially incapacitated, which could have affected his ability to control the aircraft and recover from the dive.

On September 4 2005, a Piper PA-28-181 Archer 2 (G-EMAZ), met with a tragic accident resulting in the loss of both the pilot and passenger. The aircraft, on its return flight to Cardiff Airport from Weston Aerodrome, reportedly entered Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) unexpectedly during its planned route. The communication between the pilot and the London Area Control Centre (LACC) ceased, leading to the initiation of search and rescue operations. Despite the efforts, the wreckage was later found off the coast of Pembrokeshire, marking a fatal conclusion to the journey.

Investigations suggested that the aircraft inadvertently flying into IMC was a critical factor in the accident. This unexpected shift into poor visibility conditions likely led the pilot to attempt regaining Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC). However, it's believed that during this process, control of the aircraft was lost, possibly due to spatial disorientation - a state where the pilot becomes unable to correctly interpret the aircraft's altitude or speed, leading to a loss of control. This incident highlights the significant risks associated with unintentional IMC encounters and the disorienting effects it can have on pilots, especially those with limited experience in such conditions. It underscores the importance of thorough training in instrument flying and emergency procedures to handle such critical situations effectively.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. In the past, the pilot had  pre-planned IMC manoeuvres in an artificial environment with an instructor in the aircraft but not in real life. Amelia™ provides a novel 3D holographic interface to the Flight Envelope, which would have assisted the pilot when he entered IMC. In addition, Amelia™ Health Envelope would have kept track of the pilot and Amelia™ would have helped as a companion co-pilot to keep the pilot calm during the IMC phase.

On August 10 2010, the Cirrus SR20 (N470RD) in a countryside near Hornton, near Banbury, Oxfordshire, experienced abnormal attitudes while the pilot was focused on the autopilot and GPS controls. Recognizing the unusual position, the pilot tried to regain control briefly before using the aircraft's ballistic recovery system, which deployed a parachute allowing the plane to descend and land on open terrain. The aircraft had taken off from Turweston Aerodrome in Northamptonshire, and while en route, it faced issues. On communicating with Birmingham Approach, the pilot conveyed his intention to use the parachute and later informed about their descent on open ground due to unintentional entry into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). The aircraft hit a tree upon landing, but both occupants escaped without injury.

The subsequent analysis revealed the aircraft was in proper working condition, and the pilot was qualified. Though there was poor weather nearby, it wasn’t considered unsuitable for the journey. The aircraft's unexpected maneuvers remain unexplained; while the pilot believed the autopilot was on, data suggests it might have malfunctioned or wasn't engaged. The ballistic recovery system was activated when the plane was in a severe nose-down, left-wing-down attitude. The pilot's memory of certain details, like the speed, differed from the recorded data. Investigations could not conclusively determine if the autopilot had intermittent malfunctions, but all tested systems were functioning normally. The incident underlines the importance of continuous monitoring when using automated flight systems, as such devices have previously been linked to accidents when not appropriately managed.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. First, the pilot was focusing on the centre console of the aircraft and may have missed some of the flight envelope parameters that may have indicated that the aircraft was not performing as he intended. Amelia™  Flight Envelope would have immediately alerted the pilot. Secondly, the pilot reported that the autopilot was engaged at the time of ballistic recovery system (BRS) activation, but the aircraft manufacturer’s analysis showed otherwise. Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have identified any issues with the autopilot. This would have likely averted the need for deploying the BRS and the accident that followed. 

On July 21 2013. the Cirrus SR22 aircraft (N147KA) experienced a tragic accident over the English Channel  The plane, which was manufactured in 2006, embarked on a private flight from Blackbushe Airport to Le Touquet Airport in France. Concerned about the weather conditions, particularly the cloudbase, the pilot flew several circuits to assess the weather before making the final decision to continue towards Le Touquet. However, during the flight, the aircraft disappeared from the radar, later found to have experienced a high-energy impact with the sea. Subsequent investigations revealed that the plane was being operated under conditions of low cloud or sea fog, making discerning the horizon challenging. The pilot, aged 36 with 192 hours of flying experience, did not possess an instrument or IMC rating, which might have equipped him to handle such conditions better.

Witnesses had described the pilot as alert and in good spirits on the day of the accident, and his aircraft, having been refueled fully, took off as expected. Unfortunately, after crossing the English coast, the aircraft's steady course started showing discrepancies. The weather report indicated areas of low cloud or fog, particularly over the English Channel. While the pilot had expressed concerns about the cloudbase, it's believed he found himself in meteorological conditions unsuitable for Visual Flight Rules (VFR). Given his lack of instrument qualifications and limited instrument flying experience, he would have faced significant challenges if he tried to control the aircraft manually under such conditions. The investigation did not conclusively determine the accident's cause, but it was noted that immediately prior to the mishap, the plane was in conditions unsuitable for VFR, and the pilot lacked the necessary IFR qualifications.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. Amelia™.  The pilot was flying in low cloud or sea fog with little or no discernible horizon. This was amplified by the pilot disengaging of the autopilot in the hazy conditions and lack of a discernible horizon, making it would have made it very difficult for him to control the aircraft manually using visual flight techniques. First, Amelia™ would have alerted the pilot about the hazy conditions as she has access to the weather through the aircraft’s avionics as well as understands that the pilot is not qualified to fly in IFR conditions. Secondly, she would have also recommended that the pilot keep the autopilot engaged due to the haze, which may have averted the accident. 

On 22 August 2017, a Diamond DA42 Twin Star (G-OCCX) experienced a gear-up landing at Coventry Airport during a training session. While introducing the pilot under training to asymmetric handling with one engine at zero thrust, a continuous landing gear warning horn sounded. Despite the commander believing he had ensured the landing gear was down, the aircraft landed without its landing gear extended. The commander, holding an Airline Transport Pilot’s Licence with 15,100 hours of flying experience, speculated that the continuous warning sound over the prior 10 minutes made him grow accustomed to it, possibly leading to his oversight of the unextended landing gear. The incident resulted in damage to the aircraft's propellers, engines, underside, antennas, and entry steps.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the aircraft’s avionics. Due to high workload, both due to landing procedures as well as asymmetric handling  of the aircraft with one engine at zero thrust, the pilot did not pay attention to the landing gear warning horn that was going on for some time. Amelia™ would have prompted the pilot in command to go through the landing checklist and pay attention to the  landing gear warning horn that had been operating for 10 minutes prior to landing. This would have alerted the pilot that the landing gear was not down. 

On 15 September 2017, a Piper PA-39 Twin Comanche aircraft (G-LARE), experienced an accident at Biggin Hill Airport, Bromley. The incident occurred during the final circuit of a two-hour flight aimed to revalidate the pilot's instrument rating and multi-engine proficiency check. After being instructed by ATC to orbit due to two aircraft ahead, the pilot retracted the flaps and undercarriage. Neither the pilot nor the examiner noticed this retraction upon approach to land. During the landing attempt, the propellers and rear fuselage contacted the ground. The pilot quickly initiated a go-around, and on the subsequent approach, after realizing the undercarriage error, managed an uneventful landing. The accident resulted in damage to the propellers, ADF antenna, and minor scuffs. The oversight was attributed to a high workload and unusual ATC instructions, causing both the pilot and examiner to miss standard landing checks.

The flight's history indicates that the pilot had flown to Southend to revalidate his instrument rating, and on the return to Biggin Hill, intended to complete a multi-engine proficiency check. After being instructed by ATC to orbit due to a Spitfire and Hurricane ahead, the undercarriage was mistakenly retracted, and the examiner, focused on the aircraft ahead, missed this change. No additional landing checks were conducted, leading to the ground contact. Both the examiner and pilot attributed the oversight to the high workload and unusual ATC instruction, which diverted their attention from standard landing procedures.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. During the landing Amelia™, would have prompted the pilot in command to go through the checklist and based on the available avionics data, she would have indicated to the pilot that the flaps and undercarriage were retracted before the flare. 

High workload and sometimes last minutes or unusual ATC instruction can occur in any phase of the flight and Amelia™ can assist as a virtual companion with knowledge of the current state of the aircraft.

On 25 November, 2017, a Cirrus SR22 aircraft with registration N844MS crashed approximately 1.5 km east of Runway 28 at Sherburn-in-Elmet Airfield. The aircraft, manufactured in 2013 and powered by a Continental Motors TS10-550-K piston engine, had been on a private flight. On board were two persons: the 60-year-old pilot with 1,348 hours of flying experience, and one passenger. Both sustained serious injuries in the crash, and the aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair. The accident happened as the aircraft stalled while the pilot tried to avoid other air traffic, causing it to crash into the ground.

The aircraft had flown from Oxford to Leeds East Airport earlier that day and was en route to Sherburn-in-Elmet Airfield for lunch before the intended return to Oxford. On approach to Sherburn-in-Elmet, the pilot noticed another aircraft in his flight path and began reducing speed to maintain a safe distance. In the process of maneuvering to avoid a second aircraft, the pilot sharply banked the aircraft, leading it to stall and subsequently crash. The rapidity of the events prevented the pilot from deploying the plane's ballistic parachute recovery system. The pilot attributed the accident to the stall, which occurred due to the combination of a low airspeed and the increased stall speed while turning, exacerbated by the distraction of the other aircrafts.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. During the turn Amelia™ would have alerted the pilot about the increased stall speed and advised the pilot to increase the airspeed. The pilot was distracted as he was working on maintaining separation from the other aircraft in the circuit. Amelia™ Flight Envelope can assist and act as a companion in such cases to help the pilot in high workload situations. 

On November 27, 2018, a serious incident involving a Diamond DA42 aircraft  (N648KM) occurred during a private flight from Retford Gamston Airport to Weston Airport in Dublin, Ireland. While cruising at FL100, the left engine fire warning illuminated, prompting the crew to declare a PAN and initiate a diversion to Liverpool Airport. During the descent, the aircraft lost control in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) but was later recovered as it reached visual meteorological conditions (VMC) at around 800 feet above ground level (agl). Following Liverpool ATC's suggestion, the aircraft diverted to RAF Woodvale, where it landed safely. The cause of the fire warning remains unknown.

The pilot, holding an FAA Private Pilot's License with an Instrument Rating, was subjected to a high-stress and high-workload environment, exacerbated by asymmetric thrust due to the left engine being at idle power. Asymmetric flight is inherently challenging, particularly in IMC, and the pilot's decision to re-engage the autopilot at approximately 3,000 feet introduced an element of instability. The autopilot lacked a yaw control channel, making it unable to manage the effects of asymmetry effectively. This led to a sudden loss of control, with the aircraft yawing rapidly right, possibly entering a spiral dive condition. Fortunately, the pilot was able to regain control as the aircraft entered VMC at low altitude. Ultimately, the incident was attributed to the pilot's difficulty in managing the situation, especially during the descent, resulting in spatial disorientation, exacerbated by the autopilot's engagement.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. 

Following the fire warning the pilot was in asymmetric flight, with the fire warning emergency, the unplanned diversion in IMC and the higher than usual workload, pilot was under high stress and high workload  there were many and significant pressures on the pilot’s capacity to operate effectively. Amelia™ Health Envelope would have detected the stress, alerted the pilot about his stress level and with help of Amelia™ Flight Envelope helped provide an intuitive interface to keep track of the aircraft’s flight envelope including the altitude and location. In addition, Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have proactively indicated that the onboard autopilot has no yaw channel and therefore is unable to control the effects of asymmetry. This would have reduced the chances of spatially disorientation and stress caused during the descent since the pilot’s use of the autopilot in an attempt to manage workload, exacerbated the situation. 

On June 29, 2022 a Piper PA-28-161 aircraft (G-BORL), was involved in an incident at Blackpool Airport, Lancashire. The flight was conducted as a private operation, with two crew members on board, consisting of one pilot and one flying instructor. Tragically, during the flight, the instructor, a 57-year-old commercial pilot with extensive experience, suffered acute cardiac failure. Initially, the pilot thought the instructor was joking when he exhibited signs of distress shortly after takeoff. The pilot did not realize the severity of the situation and continued to fly the approach and safely landed the aircraft. It is only after landing the aircraft on Runway 28 when the instructor was still unresponsive, did the pilot realize something was wrong. Despite immediate assistance from airport fire and medical crews, the instructor could not be revived and succumbed to the cardiac event. The incident prompted an investigation by the AAIB (Air Accidents Investigation Branch) to review the circumstances and assess if changes to aviation medical regulations and guidance were warranted.

The post-mortem examination revealed that the instructor's cardiac failure was caused by a blood clot obstructing his left main stem artery, compounded by underlying atheromatous disease and hypertension. His medical history indicated ongoing treatment for high blood pressure for over a decade, but routine medical assessments had not led to further intervention. The CAA's medical department, upon reviewing the incident, suggested that the instructor likely experienced a sudden cardiac arrest during takeoff, with no preceding symptoms, possibly due to a fatal arrhythmia. Despite his elevated risk factors, such as high blood pressure and elevated blood lipids, the instructor had remained within regulatory limits. Nevertheless, the severity of the coronary artery blockage observed in the post-mortem was disqualifying, and further treatment should have been considered if symptomatic.  

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. WIth Amelia™ cognition capabilities to build the Health Envelope of the pilot and keep track of it during flying. Amelia™ is meant for, and paired with one owner pilot in an aircraft for optimal Health Envelope performance. Nevertheless, she can also have a guest mode to accommodate co-pilots and cabin passengers.  

The flight instructor suffered a cardiac arrest as the aircraft took off . Amelia™ would have immediately seen some level of abnormality in the instructor’s condition due to emotional variance and alerted the pilot to abort the take off or land the aircraft immediately due to medical emergency.   

CAA medical department review revealed that there were no no preceding symptoms, possibly due to a fatal arrhythmia but that’s not certain as the pilot would have been focused on take off operations without looking at the flight instructor and his medical condition. The only thing the pilot recalled was that shortly after takeoff from Runway 28 the flight instructor’s head rolled back.

On April 23, 2021, a Van's Aircraft RV-7A (VH-XWI) was on a private VFR flight from Winton to Bowen, Queensland, with the sole occupant and owner as the pilot, who had been part of a multi-day tour with three other pilots. Approximately two hours after takeoff and about 90 km south of Charters Towers, the aircraft suffered an in-flight breakup, resulting in the pilot's fatal injury and the complete destruction of the aircraft. The ATSB investigation revealed that the pilot had departed in conditions with a high risk of encountering adverse weather. During the flight, the pilot likely entered instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), struggled to maintain control, and subsequently entered IMC again while returning to Winton. The pilot's decision to continue the flight to Bowen, despite no operational necessity, appears to have been influenced by self-imposed motivation or pressure, ultimately leading to the catastrophic failure of the aircraft due to exceeding airspeed limitations and rudder flutter.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. After making the right decision to return back to Winton, at close to 11 km into the return leg, the pilot resumed track to Bowen, a wrong decision where Amelia™ Health Envelope feature would have helped the pilot reconsider. WIth Amelia™ cognition capabilities to build the Health Envelope of the pilot and keep track of it during flying in real-time, she can sense emotional variation in the pilot such as sense of unease or confusion. As a single pilot flying, an alert from Amelia™ would have made the pilot aware of such variance and made the pilot make an objective call on this decision. Secondly, if the pilot would have still continued his flight to Bowen and entered bad weather, resulting in him becoming spatially disoriented, Amelia™ Flight Envelope would have helped maintain aircraft airspeed and hence prevent rudder flutter leading to a catastrophic airframe failure and in-flight break-up.

On the afternoon of July 2, 2020, the pilot of a Cessna 208B (VH-DQP) aircraft flying from Cairns to Redcliffe, Queensland, encountered unexpected icing conditions and poor visibility due to cloud. In response, the pilot climbed to 11,000 ft from 10,000 ft. Approximately 53 km west-north-west of Sunshine Coast Airport, air traffic control lost contact with the pilot, and despite multiple attempts to reach them, no response was received for 40 minutes. The pilot eventually woke up about 111 km south-south-east of their intended destination and was instructed to land at Gold Coast Airport, where they safely landed. The Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) investigation revealed that fatigue from inadequate sleep, along with operating at 11,000 ft with intermittent use of supplemental oxygen, likely led to the pilot experiencing mild hypoxia, contributing to the pilot falling asleep during the flight.

Individuals who overestimate their capabilities often underestimated fatigue as a priority issue caused by inadequate sleep. The incident underscores the need for pilots to prioritize their health and rest, especially during single-pilot operations. Additionally, mild hypoxia, while not affecting complex cognition, can increase fatigue and reduce vigor, with subtle symptoms potentially appearing at lower altitudes, especially for smokers, unfit individuals, or those battling illness. 

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. WIth Amelia™ cognition capabilities to build the Health Envelope of the pilot and keep track of it during flying, she  would have caught that the pilot is fatigued during flight and would have alerted the pilot to be vigilant.  In addition she would have noticed that the pilot was suffering from mild hypoxia based on his Health Envelop that time and sounded an alarm. This would have averted pilots going to sleep while increasing the use of oxygen during flight. 

On June 8, 2018, a Cessna 172S (VH-EWE) was returning to Moorabbin Airport, Victoria, after a one-hour private flight. During the final approach, the pilot declared engine failure, resulting in an aerodynamic stall that led to the aircraft crashing into a residential street, causing a post-impact fuel-fed fire and the pilot's fatal injury. Fortunately, there were no injuries on the ground, though minor damage occurred to a residence and a vehicle. The investigation by the ATSB couldn't determine the exact cause of the engine power loss, highlighting the limited options for forced landings during final approach, particularly over populated areas. To improve survivability in such scenarios, having a clear emergency plan, following manufacturer and airport procedures, and practicing in-flight emergencies regularly is crucial for pilots.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. A loss of engine power is preceded by indicators that can be detected through the Flight Envelope before a critical engine power loss. Amelia™ would have noticed  the slight abnormality in Flight Envelope parameters well before the pilot would have detected that led to the aerodynamic stall. Even a few minutes would have given the pilot enough engine power to fly  680 m to the airport instead of colliding with terrain in a residential street

On July 25, 2020, a Piper PA-32-300R aircraft (N7677C) was involved in an accident near South Valley Regional Airport (U42) in West Jordan, Utah. The pilot, two passengers, and one person on the ground were fatally injured, while two passengers sustained serious injuries, and one passenger had minor injuries. The accident occurred shortly after takeoff when the airplane departed the airport. The pilot had planned an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight over the Grand Canyon and Lake Powell, having carefully computed weight and balance. Witnesses reported hearing loud engine noise and observed the airplane at a low altitude before it descended abruptly, resulting in a crash and fire. Post-accident investigations indicated that the aircraft was operating near its maximum weight in high-density altitude conditions, leading to a stall, loss of control, and subsequent impact with structures and terrain. Mechanical malfunctions were ruled out, and it was determined that the pilot's failure to maintain proper speed during takeoff was the primary cause of the accident.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. She acts as a virtual companion to the pilot with cognition and conversational capabilities, which can  persuasively assist the pilot. 

According to the NTSB investigation, the aircraft was operating near its maximum weight in high-density altitude conditions, leading to a stall and loss of control. Amelia™ real-time Flight Envelope feature would have alerted the pilot when the aircraft was reaching the stall airspeed so that the pilot could have adjusted the mixture lever to gain power sooner. The engine data showed that the pilot manipulated the mixture lever to gain power but it may have been too late as the aircraft’s critical angle of attack was likely exceeded right after, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall, a loss of control, and an impact with structures and terrain. . 

 In addition, wIth Amelia™ cognition capabilities to build the Health Envelope of the pilot and keep track of it during flying, she  would have  indicated any stress or abnormal behaviors to the pilot although in this accident, it appears that pilot was sufficiently capable and qualified to fly.

On June 16, 2017, a Cessna C172M (VH-FYN) was on a private flight from Southport Mason Field to Ballina Airport for scheduled maintenance. During the journey, near Bangalow, New South Wales, the aircraft encountered poor visibility due to low cloud, fog, and drizzle. Consequently, it deviated from its intended path, disappearing into clouds before colliding with the terrain, resulting in the pilot's fatality. The Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) investigation determined that the decision to depart despite known visibility issues placed the pilot at risk of spatial disorientation and loss of control. The pilot, possibly influenced by maintenance scheduling pressures, continued the flight despite poor weather conditions. However, it remained uncertain whether the pilot checked the latest weather forecasts on the morning of the accident.

The key lesson learned from the incident is that VFR (Visual Flight Rules) pilots should implement a 'personal minimums' checklist to assess and manage flight risks, particularly in marginal weather conditions. This personalized checklist, based on the pilot's knowledge and experience, serves as a decision-making tool to determine whether it's safe to fly, reducing stress and enhancing safety by aligning capabilities with flight conditions.

This incident shows the importance of an onboard virtual companion to the pilot with cognition and conversational capabilities, which can assist the pilot in such situations where there is a need for someone onboard with aviation experience besides the primary pilot. For aircrafts that are certified for single pilot operation, having another human pilot is not always possible. Amelia™ provides such capabilities of companionship through cognition in addition to the real-time Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot as an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. 

Amelia™ would have reminded and advised the pilot on his ‘personal minimums' checklist since she knows the pilot’s experience through her cognition capabilities and tried to convince the pilot to not fly or be cautious with the weather unpredictability in this case. 

On June 20, 2007, a Cessna C208 Caravan float plane (VH-NRT) departed Broome Airport, WA, for a charter flight to Talbot Bay with the pilot and 10 passengers on board. After about 35 to 40 minutes, deteriorating weather conditions prompted the pilot to return to Broome. However, during the return flight, the plane encountered reduced visibility, leading to the loss of the visual horizon. The disoriented pilot made a distress call, which was answered by another aircraft's crew. They advised the pilot to rely on instruments for orientation - After maintaining the aircraft’s attitude with reference to its instruments, set cruise power, and to maintain level flight with reference to the vertical speed indicator. After regaining control, the flight continued safely to Broome, despite challenging conditions. This incident underscored the dangers of inadvertent flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC), particularly for non-instrument-rated pilots.

This incident exemplifies the  importance of an onboard virtual companion to the pilot with cognition and conversational capabilities, which can assist the pilot in such situations where there is a need for someone onboard with aviation experience besides the primary pilot. Amelia™ provides such capabilities in addition to the real-time Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot as an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. 

In the unfortunate scenario that the pilot’s general radio broadcast requesting assistance was not answered, a fatal accident may have occurred due to pilot’s disorientation. Amelia™  would have assisted the pilot here by providing steps to keep the flight leveled using the vertical speed indicator and the attitude meter. She would have also indicated where in the real-time Flight Envelope to focus attention to regain orientation.

On September 14, 2008, a Cessna U206A (VH-JDQ) carrying a pilot and two passengers, was on a private visual flight rules (VFR) journey from Bankstown, NSW to Archerfield, Qld, with a planned stop in Scone, NSW. Despite advice to stick to a coastal route due to adverse weather conditions, the pilot expressed a desire to visit friends in Scone. After landing in Scone, the aircraft took off again in poor weather. It went missing when it failed to reach Archerfield, ultimately leading to a search and rescue operation. The wreckage was found on a 3,800 ft ridge, about 56 km north-north-east of Scone Airport. Sadly, all three occupants perished, and the aircraft was destroyed. The weather conditions at the time included low clouds, rain showers, and strong winds. The investigation concluded that the pilot likely attempted to return to Scone after encountering unsuitable weather conditions for VFR flight, resulting in controlled flight into terrain, possibly due to encountering instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. She acts as a virtual companion to the pilot with cognition and conversational capabilities, which can  persuasively assist the pilot in situations like the pilot of Cessna U206A where he was likely the only person with aviation experience onboard. Based on the ATSB (Australian Transport Safety Bureau) report, both the forecast and actual weather conditions were not suitable for VFR flight on the planned route. The pilot overlooked the weather condition and departed Scone. Amelia™ would objectively look at the weather condition when the pilot was taxiing or right after engine start as she knew that the pilot can only do VFR and the weather from the aircraft’s avionics and aviation services such as Foreflight. The advice would have made the pilot delay the departure and saved his and his two passenger’s lives. 

On November 17, 2007, a Cessna C337G (VH-CHU) was on a private VFR flight from Moorabbin Airport to Merimbula, Australia, with the owner-pilot and three passengers aboard. The weather forecast included isolated showers, thunderstorms, and low clouds along the coast. Approximately 30 minutes after takeoff, witnesses observed the aircraft flying at low altitude above a beach in foggy conditions. Suddenly, it made a steep banked turn towards the sea and disappeared into the fog, followed by a loud noise. Two days later, the wreckage of the aircraft and three occupants were discovered on the beach, but the pilot remained missing. The investigation determined that spatial disorientation likely caused the pilot to descend into the water, as turning away from the land in the fog created a featureless environment with no visible horizon. Additionally, the aircraft may have been operated outside its weight and balance limits, though this was not a direct contributing factor. The incident underscores the risks associated with VFR flights into instrument meteorological conditions, highlighting the need for safety measures to mitigate such risks in general aviation.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot that is an add-on, integrating in a non-intrusive fashion to the avionics. The ATSB investigation concluded that the pilot became spatially disoriented and unknowingly descended into the water especially since he was manoeuvring over water at low level in conditions of reduced visibility. Generally, spatially disorientation is characterized with dizziness, trembling, shortness of breath or rapid heartbeat. Amelia™ Health Envelope would have detected this and warned the pilot of this probable condition. Secondly, Amelia™ Flight Envelope provides the real time flight envelope that is  simple, intuitive and could have reduced the workload on the pilot for him to focus more on the aircraft orientation and location. The combination of Amelia™’ Flight Envelope and Health Envelope would have helped prevent the accident and saved the pilot and his three passengers. 

On October 15, 2010, a Gippsland Aeronautics GA-8 Airvan (VH-DQP) operated a charter flight from Lady Barron Aerodrome in Flinders Island, Tasmania, bound for Bridport, Tasmania. Despite marginal VFR weather conditions, with forecasted broken clouds at 500 ft above mean sea level, the pilot's ground assessment indicated a higher cloud base of 1,000 ft to 1,500 ft. During the climb after takeoff, weather conditions deteriorated, pushing the pilot into IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions), where they lost visual references. Lacking qualifications for IMC flying, the pilot persisted in these conditions, hoping to climb above the clouds. Eventually, they decided to turn back toward Lady Barron Aerodrome but ended up inadvertently heading toward high terrain in Strzelecki National Park. The pilot conducted a forced landing in a valley, slowing the aircraft to minimize damage. Fortunately, only one passenger sustained minor injuries, while the pilot and five other passengers emerged unscathed. The aircraft was a GA-8 Airvan, with the serial number GA8-05-075, and the operation was a charter by Gippsland Aeronautics Pty Ltd.

For a non-instrument rated pilot, maintaining control of an aircraft in IMC by reference to the primary flight instruments entails a high workload situation. This can lead to reduced attention and loss of situational awareness as the pilot finds himself in the clouds as was the situation here. When the pilot decided to turn the aircraft back towards Lady Barron Aerodrome, the pilot turned less than 180° in error.   

Amelia™ provides the realtime Flight Envelope for the aircraft that’s an add-on to the aircraft avionics.  It is  simple, intuitive and can reduce the workload on the pilot in hight stress, high workload situations similar to the one faced by the pilot of the Gippsland Aeronautics GA-8 Airvan.

On December 24, 2008, a Cessna 172 (VH-EKS) took off from Mudgee, New South Wales, heading towards Glen Innes with a pilot and one passenger on board. Despite favorable visual weather conditions at departure, the pilot chose not to check aviation weather forecasts. Approximately 15 minutes into the flight, the weather deteriorated with increasing cloud cover. To assess the conditions, the pilot climbed above the cloud, but upon realizing worsening conditions ahead, descended through a gap in the cloud cover. While leveling out, the pilot found themselves in a closed valley, leading to a decision to turn back. However, entering a cloud during the turn-back disoriented the pilot, resulting in a collision with terrain and serious injuries to both occupants, with the passenger eventually succumbing. Contributing factors included the pilot's lack of weather information, failure to divert, and flying into instrument conditions for which they were unqualified, while other minor safety issues and a lack of proper flight planning further compounded the incident. Additionally, the pilot's failure to submit flight notifications and replace the emergency locator transmitter hampered search and rescue efforts.

Amelia™ provides Flight Envelope for the aircraft and Health Envelope for the pilot.  The pivotal decision leading to the accident was that the pilot chose not to turn back or divert, after climbing to 7,500ft and identifying deteriorating weather ahead. Amelia™ uses information from the onboard avionics for its real time Flight Envelope and weather. Depending on the avionics system onboard this Cessna 172,  Amelia™  would have advised the pilot to turn back or divert due to weather which was making it not possible for the pilot to continue the flight in visual meteorological conditions (VFR). 

Some of the factors that lead to the accident such as the pilot failing to fully plan the flight ahead of time and preflight weather briefing is out of scope of Amelia™ at this point since Amelia™ comes into picture when the pilot is onboard the aircraft. 

On August 13, 2023, in a dramatic incident at the "Thunder over Michigan Airshow," a privately-owned Mikoyan Gurevich Mig 23UB fighter aircraft suffered engine trouble during a low-level pass, prompting the pilot to begin troubleshooting while heading towards a runway. Unexpectedly, the pilot's ejection seat activated, propelling him from the aircraft. The rear seat observer likely initiated their ejection as well. The aircraft crashed and erupted in flames about a mile south of the runway, but fortunately, there were no ground injuries in the accident.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23UB is an old jet with limited digital avionics, which makes Amelia™ less effective for use in this aircraft that includes her real-time flight envelope module that gets most of its operational parameters digitally from the aircraft’s avionics. At the same time, Amelia™’ health envelope feature for the pilot is not dependent on aircraft’s avionics and can still be used in jets such as a MiG-23UB. In fact, for an aircraft where the operations are manual and the workload on the pilot can be significant, the need for Amelia™’ health envelope is amplified. 

In this case, let’s assume that it was indeed possible to resolve the aircraft’s engine issue after the engine afterburner did not ignite, and the airspeed began to decrease. One of the issues has been the coordination between the two pilots. The front seat pilot was not ready to eject and was still troubleshooting the problem when his ejection seat fired by the rear pilot, resulting in both the seats to eject. 

Amelia™’s assessment of the stress level on the two pilots and the read of the confidence level of the front seat pilot while troubleshooting the engine problem would have helped the back seat pilot to figure out whether to eject or let the front seat pilot keep on troubleshooting the engine problem. This would have averted the accident. Detailed article on this can be found here. 

On May 5, 2021, in Ridgeland, South Carolina, an accident involving an Israel Aerospace Industries Gulfstream G150 aircraft that occurred . The flight was conducted under Part 91 for General Aviation - Executive/Corporate purposes. The incident occurred during landing when the airplane overshot the runway after an unstable approach. The cockpit voice recorder revealed that the pilot in command (PIC) aimed to expedite the flight to satisfy passenger expectations, comparing it to a race with another plane bound for the same destination. Despite receiving multiple warnings of an unstable approach, the flight crew continued the landing attempt. The aircraft touched down significantly further down the runway than intended, and its braking systems malfunctioned, leading to the aircraft overrunning the runway and coming to rest in marshy terrain. The investigation found that the ground air brake system failed to deploy, and this, along with the crew's decision to land with a tailwind exceeding the aircraft's limitations, resulted in the runway overrun.

The probable cause of the accident was determined to be the flight crew's decision to continue with an unstable approach and the failure of the ground air brakes to activate upon landing. The motivation to expedite the flight due to external pressures, combined with the choice to land with a tailwind beyond the aircraft's capabilities, contributed to this outcome. The investigation highlighted issues such as aircraft control, airspeed maintenance, approach and glide path adherence, crew motivation and decision-making, and the influence of tailwind conditions on the incident.

Amelia™ would have kept track of the flight envelope of the aircraft during landing and helped the pilots to maintain the correct descent path. It would have also alerted the PIC about the tailwinds during landing. Let’s assume that the ground air brake system was not malfunctioning and it was possible to deploy them. In this situation, Amelia™ would have notified the pilot to deploy the ground brakes at the right time. 

Most important, Amelia™ keeps track of the pilot’s health envelope overtime. Amelia™ would have detected the change in PIC’s behavior to the external pressure that the PIC/SIC accepted to complete the flight as quickly as possible  and alerted the PIC at least, which may have resulted in a go-around instead of landing, averting a runway overrun.

On August 24, 2021, an accident involving a Cirrus SF50 “Vision Jet” airplane, registration N1GG, occurred near Lansing, Michigan. The aircraft was completely destroyed, but the pilot and three passengers on board sustained no injuries. The flight, operated under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91 for business purposes, was departing from Capital Region International Airport (LAN). The pilot had initially been cleared to taxi to runway 28L, but due to an approaching storm, the tower controller offered runway 10R as an alternative. Despite a tailwind, the pilot accepted and began the takeoff. Shortly after takeoff, the pilot received a windshear alert and decided to abort the takeoff. During the rejected takeoff, the airplane skidded off the runway, broke through the airport perimeter fence, and came to a stop after encountering a ditch. Skid marks on the runway indicated heavy braking from the left main landing gear and lighter braking from the right main landing gear.

According to the National Transportation Safety Board, the probable cause of this accident was the pilot’s decision to depart with a tailwind as a thunderstorm approached, which resulted in a loss of airplane performance due to high tailwind gusts and a subsequent runway excursion. Amelia™ would have considered the windshear alert (20 kts+) and tailwind  (7 kts) during aircraft taxiing and would have calculated the effect of these weather conditions on the aircraft accurately, advising the pilot to abort departure right when the ATC provided the alerts to the pilot.  It looks like the effect of tailwind may have much more due to its interplay with the windshear of 20 kts.

On January 23, 2020, a Cessna S550 Citation S/II crashed into the Outeniqua mountains near Friemersheim, South Africa, resulting in the death of all three occupants and the destruction of the aircraft. The flight departed from Port Elizabeth Airport to George Airport. The crew attempted a calibration flight for the VOR beacon at George Airport, but due to bad weather, they were not cleared for it. They decided to refuel and conduct calibration for the ILS instead. During the flight, the crew lost control of the aircraft, and it rapidly descended, colliding with the mountain.

The probable cause of the crash was the crew's loss of control, leading to a significant loss of altitude, followed by a collision with the mountain. Low clouds and obscured mountains in the area likely contributed to the accident. The limited flight data recorder readings indicated that the aircraft entered an unusual attitude during the transition from VFR to IFR, suggesting a lack of preparation for the change. Contributing factors included the incapability of the crew to recover from the unusual attitude, lack of supervision, and disregard for aviation regulations by the operator, as well as a steep dive maneuver and the absence of upset prevention and recovery techniques.

Amelia™ could have help when the aircraft entered an unusual attitude during the transition from VFR to IFR, Amelia™ knows the flight data through the flight envelope, this can help to prevent the accident. 

On May 29, 2021, a Cessna 501 Citation I/SP crashed into Lake Percy Priest shortly after takeoff from Smyrna Airport, Tennessee, resulting in the destruction of the aircraft and the tragic loss of the pilot and six passengers' lives. The airplane departed, entered clouds during a climbing right turn, and subsequently began to descend. Air traffic control (ATC) tried to communicate with the pilot, but there was no response initially. After acknowledging ATC's instructions, the aircraft climbed briefly before entering a rapid descending left turn and crashing into the reservoir at a high speed. The probable cause of the accident was attributed to the pilot's spatial disorientation during the climb, leading to a loss of airplane control. 

Spatial disorientation during flight, also known as pilot spatial disorientation or simply "pilot disorientation," refers to a phenomenon where a pilot becomes disoriented or confused about their actual spatial position and motion in relation to the Earth and the aircraft's surroundings. This condition occurs when the sensory inputs from the pilot's vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems conflict or are insufficient, leading to inaccurate perceptions of orientation and motion. Amelia™ is able to provide help in this circumstances, when the pilot starting to act weird or fatigue. This kind of stataus can misinterpret your senses, causing them to misjudge their own orientation and position. Amelia™ is able to direct the pilot to the right direction. 

On Augest 30, 2022, during rainy conditions at Sinak Airport in Papua, Indonesia, a Cessna 208B Grand Caravan EX, PK-SNW, overran the runway on landing. The aircraft had four people on board and was carrying 1,048 kg of cargo on its seventh flight of the day from Timika to Sinak. The captain was the Pilot Flying (PF), and the copilot was the Pilot Monitoring (PM).

 While cruising at 13,500 feet, they received information about rainy weather at Sinak but decided to continue the flight. Upon approaching Sinak at about 2000 feet AGL, the captain disengaged the autopilot, and the copilot performed the landing checklist. During landing at 13:07 LT, the aircraft floated before touchdown, and the captain retracted the flaps. After touchdown, the captain applied the brakes, but the aircraft's speed was high, leading to the overrun of the runway. The captain steered the aircraft to the left side of the runway's end as a safety measure. Fortunately, all passengers and crew safely evacuated from the aircraft, with the captain sustaining a minor face injury. The aircraft suffered substantial damage in the incident.

Amelia™ can calculate the speed is needed base on the runway length during the touchdown. In this case, Amelia™ could have reminded the pilot to decrease the speed further before landing. 

On May 10, 2023, A Phoenix Air Group Learjet 36A, N56PA, carrying three occupants and operating as FENIX01, crashed into the sea approximately one mile southwest off San Clemente Island, California. The aircraft departed Point Mugu Naval Air Station in formation with another Learjet (FENIX02) for training exercises with the United States Navy in Warning Area 291 (W291). During the flight, FENIX02 observed the lead airplane's flaps partially deploy and then retract, followed by an odor in the cabin and observed smoke or gas coming from the left side AFT Cabin area. Flames were later spotted around the AFT equipment door, prompting FENIX01 to declare an emergency and attempt to land at San Clemente Island Naval Auxiliary Landing Field (NUC). However, FENIX01 subsequently made a series of descending turns before crashing into the water, resulting in the loss of all three occupants onboard.

After the fire, Amelia™ could have help the pilot with emergency checklist to land as well as assist the pilot in calculating the descend trajectory and help the plane land safely.

On November 25, 2022, a Cirrus SF50 Vision Jet G2 experienced an emergency landing in a retention pond shortly after taking off from runway 25 at Indianapolis Regional Airport, Indiana. The pilot made the decision to activate the CAPS rescue parachute of the aircraft. According to the pilot's report to the NTSB, all preflight and pretakeoff checks were conducted as normal, and the airplane proceeded with the takeoff. After retracting the landing gear and flaps and engaging the autopilot, the pilot received gear unsafe warnings along with unexpected pitch up and a reduction in engine power, which were not initiated by the pilot. 

Various attempts were made to disconnect the autopilot and autothrottle systems, including pressing and releasing the yoke mounted autopilot disconnect button and the button on the center console for the autothrottle system. Despite the pilot's efforts, the airplane continued to pitch up and slow down, reaching a critical point near an aerodynamic stall, resulting in a drop of the left wing. Consequently, the pilot made the decision to deploy the Cirrus Airplane Parachute Systems, which successfully deployed, allowing the airplane to descend under canopy and land in a retention pond located approximately 1.6 km southwest of the departure end of runway 25.

With Amelia™'s help, aircraft is able to avoid unsafe landing gear and unexpected pitch and engine power reductions after takeoff, as Amelia™ will ensure that the aircraft is functioning properly before takeoff. Amelia™ was able to notify the captain in time to pass the flight envelope despite overspeed or underspeed occurring mid-flight.

On September 9, 2022, during the RNAV 33 approach at Kissimmee Gateway Airport in Orlando, FL, a Cirrus SF50 Vision Jet with the registration N77VJ experienced significant damage after deploying its CAPS parachute and subsequently colliding with wooded/marshy terrain. Among the three occupants on board, one suffered serious injuries while the other two sustained minor injuries. Prior to the incident, the pilot received information from the automated terminal service regarding light rain and cloud ceilings at 4,600 and 3,800 feet, respectively. 

Air traffic control advised the pilot to expect heavy rain and instructed him to execute the RNAV (GPS) runway 33 approach, circle to land on runway 24. As the aircraft approached the intermediate fix AXMEB at 2,000 feet above mean sea level, it veered right towards LOJUF, the final approach fix. The pilot noticed an airspeed aural warning and observed a decrease in indicated airspeed to approximately 102 knots. The pilot attempted to regain airspeed by increasing engine power, but when unsuccessful, he disengaged the autopilot and attempted to level the wings. However, the aircraft deviated left and climbed with decreasing airspeed. To maintain airspeed, the pilot pushed the nose down, causing objects in the aircraft to float. Since the airplane was in instrument meteorological conditions, the pilot decided to deploy the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System. 

Amelia™ can detect in time whether the airspeed is too high or too low through the flight envelope. In this case Amelia™ can remind the captain that the airspeed is decreasing according to the flight envelope, and remind the captain that he needs to increase the speed.

On November 18, 2022, a Cessna 208B Grand Caravan EX, registered as N2069B, was involved in a tragic accident in Snohomish, Washington, resulting in the destruction of the aircraft and the loss of all four individuals on board. According to preliminary radar track data, the aircraft departed from Renton, Washington at approximately 09:25. After reaching an altitude of around 9,500 feet mean sea level (msl), the airplane initiated a series of turns and maneuvers while fluctuating between altitudes of 6,500 and 10,275 feet msl for approximately 45 minutes. At 10:17, the aircraft began climbing to 9,700 feet msl, executing a nearly 360° left turn. Then, at 10:19:06, a sharp 180° left turn occurred. The radar track indicated that the aircraft continued westward until the last recorded hit at 10:19:18. During the final 12 seconds of the flight, the aircraft exhibited a descent rate exceeding 14,000 feet-per-minute (fpm), gradually decreasing to 8,700 fpm.

Eyewitnesses reported observing the aircraft breaking up in flight, with fragments descending to the ground. Subsequently, the airplane entered a nose-low, near-vertical corkscrew maneuver towards the ground.

On March 7, 2022, a Cessna 528B aircraft registered as N22AU had a significant accident at Baltimore-Martin State Airport, MD (MTN) during its landing on runway 15. Despite challenging windy and gusty conditions, the pilot maintained a stable approach by increasing the reference speed by approximately 5 knots. However, upon touchdown, the pilot discovered that the brakes were not functioning properly. The copilot's attempts to apply brakes and locate the emergency brake were unsuccessful. As a result, the aircraft exited the runway, crossed a marshy area, collided with a security fence, and eventually came to a stop, causing substantial damage.

Amelia™ is able to sense the pilot's emotion while the pilot finds out that the brakes were not functioning properly, Amelia™ knows the avionic so she can remind the pilot that he can use the emergency break before it's too late. 

On July 1, 2023, a Piper PA-28 crashed into Lake Tahoe.J ohn and Svetlana Raleigh were among the civilians present on their boat in the vicinity of Rubicon Bay shortly before the accident occurred. A passenger on their boat saw the plane hit the water. They also found out that the plane nose-down with its tail end in the air. 

We assume that the cause of this accident is the excessive density altitude. When the dentisty altitude is too high, Amelia™ is able to noticed that through the flight envelope. It's dangerous if the density altitude is too high or too low, so when the data is abnormal, Amelia™ will remind the pilot so that the accidnet will not happen.

On January 16, 2023, a student pilot received clearance from the ATC to take off from runway 06. However, during the take-off run, the pilot lost control of the aircraft, causing it to veer off to the left of the runway. Upon exiting the runway, the nose gear sank into the soft ground and collapsed, resulting in damage to the nose gear assembly, which detached from the nose section. Additionally, the propeller made contact with the ground, and the aircraft skidded for a distance before coming to a stop.

The probable cause of the incident was the loss of control during take-off, which prevented the aircraft from achieving adequate lift-off. As a result, the aircraft settled back onto the runway before veering off to the left and onto the grass. This settling back was attributed to a failure to compensate for drift caused by crosswinds during take-off.

If the take off speed was not increase to above normal during take off is the main cause of this accident, Amelia™ is able to detect the present speed and remind the pilot if the speed is below normal, to decrease the possibility to have the accident. 

On June 3, 2022, a Cessna 208B Supervan 900, equipped with a Honeywell TPE331-12JR 850 hp engine, was involved in a crash near Oceanside Municipal Airport in California. The skydive-configured airplane suffered substantial damage. The pilot in training lost their life, and the pilot was seriously injured.

During the accident flight, as the airplane turned onto the final approach about 3 miles from the runway, the right-seated pilot tried to increase the engine power by adjusting the throttle. However, the power did not respond as expected, even when the throttle lever was moved further forward. At an estimated altitude of 400 feet above ground level, the pilot aimed for an open dirt field but noticed a berm in the flight path. To avoid the berm, the pilot initiated a right turn. The data indicated that the airplane was at 100 feet msl, flying at a speed of 68 knots. Witnesses reported seeing the airplane flying at a very low altitude. Subsequently, the airplane pitched down in a nose-low attitude, banked to the right, and collided with the side of a berm, resulting in the crash.

The main reason for this accident was that the aircraft tried to increase the engine power by adjusting the throttle. However, the power did not respond as expected even when the throttle stick was moved further forward. We assume the power did not respond as expected because of airframe failure, so Amelia™ would help the captain check the airframe for any problems before the plane took off, and when the plane was in Reminds the captain to increase speed when flying at low altitude.

A Beechcraft 200 King Air aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff from runway 18 at Little Rock-Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport in Arkansas. The crash resulted in the tragic loss of all five occupants on board, and the aircraft was completely destroyed. Prior to takeoff, the pilot requested and received clearance for taxiing and takeoff from ATC. LLWS advisory alerts were issued by both ground and tower ATC shortly before the pilot's request for takeoff clearance. After takeoff, there were no further transmissions or distress calls from the pilot on any frequency.

Video surveillance footage captured the aircraft's takeoff and initial climb, which appeared normal. However, as the plane disappeared from view, a rising plume of smoke was recorded about a mile south of the runway's departure end. The camera then captured the effects of heavy rain, blowing debris, and strong winds on the ramp where it was located. Notably, the ramp was dry without rain or noticeable wind during takeoff. Another video surveillance camera positioned at the 3M plant, where the aircraft ultimately crashed, showed the plane hitting the ground in a nose-down attitude with the right wing low. The footage also revealed heavy rain and blowing debris in the vicinity of the crash site.

Amelia™ will alert the captain after receiving a low level windshear advisory alert so that the captain does not know about the message. When heavy rain, blown debris and strong wind affect the slope where it is located, Amelia™ will remind the captain what countermeasures to take based on the data of the flight envelope, and communicate with ATC to prevent accidents.

On March 27, 2023, a Cessna 550 Citation II jet, with the registration N550DW, performed an emergency landing at Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City. The pilot and three passengers on board did not sustain any injuries. The flight was originally bound for Oklahoma City-Wiley Post Airport. However, during the landing on runway 35R, the aircraft experienced a hard landing and bounced, causing damage to the right main wheel when it struck runway signs. The pilot executed a go-around and redirected the plane to Oklahoma City-Will Rogers World Airport, where it successfully landed.

Footage captured by a News4 channel helicopter showed that during the approach to runway 35L at OKC, the right main landing gear tire appeared to be flat, and the landing gear door was hanging loosely. Upon touchdown, the left main landing gear tire burst and emitted white smoke. The aircraft also struck a runway light during the landing process before coming to a stop left of the main centerline.

Amelia™ can detect any anomalies in the aircraft, including loose tires or loose door compartments. When this type of situation occurs, Amelia™ will remind the captain earlier and let the captain to be careful and safe.

On April 14, 2023, a Piper PA-18A-150 Super Cub was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Garrison, Missouri. During the preflight inspection for the initial leg of the journey, the pilot discovered sediment in the gascolator, which required removing approximately 15-21 ounces of fuel to clear. There was also a minor engine sputter reported during cruise flight, although it was not considered an emergency. Before the second leg, another sediment issue was found in the gascolator, necessitating another fuel removal process. The pilot visually estimated the fuel level to be slightly above a quarter tank based on the sight gauges and calculated it to be sufficient for about an hour of flight. 

Departing in formation with another aircraft, the pilot experienced engine sputtering about 20 minutes into the flight. Attempts to increase engine power were unsuccessful, leading the pilot to declare a forced landing in a nearby field. However, due to a tailwind, a go-around was initiated. Unfortunately, during the subsequent climb, the engine completely lost power, and the pilot was forced to land in a densely forested area. The aircraft struck trees during the approach and eventually came to rest between trees on rough terrain, resulting in substantial damage to the wings and fuselage.

When the engine was sputtering, Amelia™ would notice that the situation is going wrong by detacting  the emotion that the pilot had . Also, the fuel is appearing digitally, so when the fuel is slightly above the fuel tank, Amelia™ would know and remind the pilot the situation. 

On Feburary 8, 2023, a Cirrus SF50 Vision Jet G2 crashed at Waukesha Airport. The accident was caused by the pilot's inability to control the aircraft during landing. Additionally, a contributing factor was the pilot's insufficient preflight inspection, specifically regarding the removal of the angle of attack vane cover.

The pilot stated that while on the downwind leg, the stall warning aural alert sounded, and the stick shaker activated; the pilot used the autopilot disconnect button to regain control of the airplane. Amelia™ is able to detect when the stall is happening and remind the pilot before accident happen. 

On 18 May, 2023, a Honda HA-420 HondaJet aircraft landed at Summerville Airport, SC, but hydroplaned off the end of the runway, hitting a berm. The plane caught fire and was completely destroyed. The pilot had delayed the departure to avoid rainstorms and was aware that the runway would be wet. During the landing, the pilot flew the RNAV (GPS) RWY 24 instrument approach and manually controlled the plane after reaching 600 ft. The anti-skid system's response was slower than expected, resulting in ineffective braking despite full pedal pressure. Realizing he couldn't make the turnoff, the pilot considered a go-around but experienced a sudden yaw to the left when the left brake grabbed. This led to skidding, but the pilot managed to keep the plane on the runway with the rudder pedals until it ultimately slid off into the grass. Despite the fire, all six occupants safely evacuated through the main cabin door.

We assume that the cause of the accident is because the aircraft breaking system, if the breaking information is avaliable digitally, Amelia™ can detect that the pilot is breaking too hard on the left, so that she is able to remind the pilot the error that he made. 

On November 23, 2011, a Rockwell 690 aero commander flew the sode of the superstition mountions outside Arizona in a clear weather at night. The pilot's complancency and lack of situational awareness caused the accident. The aircraft was not equitpped with a terrian awareness and warning system. 

The pilot did not ask for VFR flight following or premission to transit Class Bravo airspace. When operation at night in the darkness, and very close to a mountains region should be supplemented with flight tracking and security alerts from ATC. When there is missing terrain awareness and warning system, Amelia™ is able to remind the pilots to have terrain awareness and warning system. 

On April 19, 2018, aircraft type Cirrus SR22 crashed during the flight from Pennsylvania to Indiana. The pilots and passengers set off, believing that the instrument flight rule conditions were manageable. However, a large area of dangerous icing conditions and poor visibility due to clouds proved to be insurmountable for the pilots and their aircraft, which lacked the necessary equipment for anti-icing or deicing. These accidents serve as important reminders that we must utilize all the available and up-to-date weather information, especially when planning a flight in conditions that are conducive to in-flight icing.

The flying crew missed the weather pre flight check. Also, during the flight, ATC noticed that the pilot has crossed through the localizer but the pilot has not realized the error. The ATC noticed that the Cirrus changed its heading and has steadily decending past 4500 ft, but the Cirrus is at 3900 ft when the pilot checked in. After the ATC reminded the pilot, the pilot has only climbed to 4100 ft, which is not enough, and also the aircraft has crossed through the localizercourse for runway 21 at Altoona, and the pilot hasn't realized the error. It is recommended that  besides a proper weather pre-flight check, the pilot also continuously keep in touch with the ATC for weather condition and any problem in route. Amelia™ is able to remind the pilot the error that he made by not pay attention to what ATC said. 

On June 4, 2023, a Cessna 569 citation V crashed near Virginia. killing all four people onboard after its pilot became unresponsive. The pilot was seen slumped over in his seat in the cockpit, a source familiar with the response told CNN. Aviation experts have indicated that hypoxia, a condition caused by reduced oxygen levels, can be a significant danger when flying at high altitudes, particularly if the cabin of a Cessna aircraft suddenly loses pressure. Cerebral hypoxia can occur due to either a drop in cabin pressure or reaching excessively high altitudes. As altitude increases, the rate at which a person loses oxygen also accelerates. At the specific altitude of 34,000 feet where the Cessna jet was flying, pilots typically have a narrow window of 30 to 60 seconds to put on oxygen masks in the event of cabin depressurization to avoid losing consciousness.

If Amelia™, powered by Robometrics® AGI was installed as add-on in the Cessna 569 citationV, Amelia™ would have instantly detected the sharp drop in cabin pressure even before the pilot since she is getting real-time aircraft operating parameters from the aircraft avionics and monitoring the flight envelope. She would have immediately alerted the pilot and the cabin passengers to put on the oxygen masks before the pilots or the cabin passengers got unconscious. This would have saved the lives of the pilot and John Rumpel's daughter Adina Azarian, his 2-year-old granddaughter, Aria Azarian, and their nanny who were flying to their home in East Hampton, New York.

At approximately 1542 Eastern Daylight Time on May 3, 2016, an airplane identified as N440H, a Beech V35B, encountered an in-flight breakup in the vicinity of Syosset, New York. Tragically, the airline transport pilot and two passengers aboard the aircraft sustained fatal injuries, and the airplane was completely destroyed. According to air traffic control (ATC) transcripts provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the pilot made initial contact with ATC around 1522, stating that the aircraft was maintaining a level flight at an altitude of 7,000 feet. Roughly a minute later, the pilot reported to a controller that the vacuum system had malfunctioned, resulting in the loss of associated gyroscopic instruments and a portion of the instrument panel. 

The pilot requested the easiest approach for descending to the intended destination airport. The pilot further informed that the flight was presently operating under visual flight rules (VFR) above cloud cover and expressed the intention to continue at 7,000 feet in VFR conditions toward the destination, as descending into the clouds was undesired. In response, the controller inquired if the pilot wished to declare an emergency, to which the pilot replied affirmatively and expressed the desire to proceed to the destination airport due to more favorable weather conditions there. Subsequently, the controller provided a briefing to the next controller along the aircraft's intended flight path.

We assume that the main cause of this accident is the miss communiction between the pilot and the ATC, the pilot report the lost of the vacum system and the partial panel, but didn't report the emergency. In this case, Amelia is able to remind the pilot how danger is this situation. 

During the early morning of July 26, 2002, around 0537 Eastern Daylight Time, an incident occurred at Tallahassee Regional Airport (TLH) in Florida involving Federal Express flight 1478. The flight, a scheduled cargo trip operating under the regulations of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121, was a Boeing 727-232F, registered as N497FE, traveling from Memphis International Airport in Tennessee to TLH. However, as the plane approached runway 9 on its final approach, it struck trees and crashed, resulting in serious injuries to the captain, first officer, and flight engineer, as well as the destruction of the aircraft due to the impact and ensuing fire. The flight was conducted in night visual meteorological conditions, following an instrument flight rules flight plan.

On November 12, 2022, a midair collision occurred at Dallas Executive Airport in Dallas, Texas, involving a Boeing B-17G airplane and a Bell P-63F airplane. The incident took place during the Wings Over Dallas Airshow, where the P-63F was part of a three-ship formation of historic fighter airplanes, and the B-17G led a five-ship formation of historic bomber airplanes. Radio transmissions and ADS-B data revealed that the air boss instructed both formations to maneuver southwest of the runway, return to the flying display area, and follow specific show lines. 

According to the initial report, there was no briefing on altitude conflicts before or during the flight. However, it should be noted that altitude conflicts are not always necessary for maintaining separation during airshows. Different methods, such as sequential or lateral separation, can be employed. In this particular case, the aircraft were separated sequentially, with the fighter formation instructed to fly ahead of the bomber formation and maintain lateral separation from two distinct show lines. During the collision, the P-63, which was banking to the left, collided with the B-17, striking its left side just behind the wing.

On March 1, 2019, a Piper PA-25-235 aircraft operated by Aerial Banners North, Inc. crashed into a condominium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, resulting in the death of the commercial pilot. The flight, conducted under Part 91 regulations as a local banner tow operation, took off from North Perry Airport. After picking up the banner, the pilot flew east along Hollywood Beach before heading north. Radar data showed the aircraft descending over water and then making a sharp right turn while witnesses observed it flying over land. The plane subsequently banked to the left, causing the banner to twist and separate. It then banked to the right and crashed into a condominium, ultimately coming to rest on its left side. 

The pilot's lack of experience in banner tow operations, combined with failure to maintain appropriate altitude and clearance during maneuvering, led to an in-flight collision with a 19-story building in a heavily congested area. The accident was further influenced by easterly wind conditions and the pilot's unintentional flight over a densely populated area with multiple tall buildings nearby. Amelia is able to help the pilot who's lack of experiences, Amelia can tell the pilot when somethimg is misscalculate or going the wrong way.  

Richard McSpadden, former Commander/Flight Leader for the USAF Thunderbirds and current ASI Executive Director, has provided an initial analysis of an incident that occurred on May 14, 2022. During the event, a Cessna 172 Skyhawk made an emergency landing on the Haulover Inlet Bridge in Miami Beach, Florida. Upon landing, the aircraft collided with a minivan containing a woman and two young children. Fortunately, they sustained minor injuries. The impact caused the airplane to flip and catch fire. The pilot's two adult relatives managed to escape the burning aircraft but sustained serious injuries. Tragically, the pilot, Narciso Torres, a 36-year-old Miami International Airport tower controller, lost his life in the accident. The flight departed from North Perry Airport in Hollywood, Florida, at approximately 12:38 p.m., flew along the coast heading south towards Key West, and then encountered an engine issue. 

The pilot subsequently changed course towards the north, away from the coast, in search of a suitable location for an emergency landing. Amelia™ receices avonics including engine information in real-time and can detect an engine failure. In additon, the engine operating parameters can give some advance warnings of a engine failure.  For the Cessna 172 Skyhawk,  Amelia™  may have alerted the pilot about the enegine dependng on the the type of engine problem during the flight. 

During the instrument approach to Montgomery County Airparkbin Gaithersburg, Maryland, on November 27, 2022, a Mooney M20J aircraft became entangled in high-voltage power transmission lines. Fortunately, both the pilot and passenger were successfully rescued from the aircraft, which was situated approximately 100 feet above the ground. The Mooney had received clearance for the GPS approach to Runway 14. Weather conditions were unfavorable at that time, characterized by a 200-foot overcast layer and a visibility of 1.25 miles in mist. According to the ADS-B data and ATC audio recordings, it appears that the pilot encountered challenges in maintaining the designated headings to the initial approach fix.

The weather certainly seemed to play a factor, the accident happened in the last two minutes before the airplane landed, somewhere in between about 8000 feet and the surface that strong tailwind coming out of the southeast appeared to dissipate and in there would have been some wind shear, could have been some turbulence and disorienting. The weather at the time of the accident being low, and low IFR, and the factor is at night, which is a demanding condition for any pilot. Amelia is able to assist the pilot to land safely during the strong wind, Amelia™ is also able to bring forward where the wind is coming from and the how strong the wing is, to prevent the turbulence that will cause the aircrsft crash. 

It’s a December afternoon in 2015. A pilot, his wife, and three children are excited to begin the journey to their old hometown of Henderson, Nevada, for a friend’s surprise party. But soon after departing San Jose, California, the flight encounters weather for which the VFR-only pilot is ill-prepared. His troubling decisions—spurred by self-induced pressure and overconfidence in his skills. Accepting an IFR clearance without an IR is dangerous, but flying into clouds is not always something you can avoid.

The probable cause of the accident to be the pilot's decision to conduct and continue the flight despite forecast and en route instrument meterological condition (IMC). Icing could not be ruled put because the airplane was in visivle moistire and flew directly into and toward precipitation just before the diversion. Amelia™ will remind the captain whether it is suitable to continue flying according to the flight instrument panel. If the icing state is serious, Amelia™ will ensure the safety of the captain according to the situation.

On October 11, 2021, a Cessna 340 crashed into a neiborhood in Santee, CA due to the turbulent weather condition with ragged celling from 1700 to 2000 agl. The pilot is experience in imc conditions, and he had a lot of time flying this airplane in this region of the country. The pilot who was experienced in the airplane had flown this exact route several times prior to the accident.

We assume that the main cause of this accident is the weather, it's possible that sever turbulence can impact the flight controls of an airplane and potentially cause a departure of flight control. Amelia™ can warn the captain in advance and the upcoming turbulence duo the flight envelope, This makes it easier for the captain to fly

At night, on April 5th, a Piper PA 32R Cherokee Lance crashed into the Gulf of Mexico shortly after taking off from Runway 23 at Venice Municipal Airport in Venice, Florida. The weather conditions were good with a clear sky and full moon, calm winds, and visibility up to 10 miles. However, since the Lance took off over dark water without any visible horizon, it descended during the initial climb and met with the accident.

We assume that the main cause for this crash is the pilot is taking off with the lost of visual aquity. We called this black hole or somatographic effect, which means that wheneve we accerlate the action going on inside the brain is very much as if we titled our head back, this will lost visual indications of the pilot's flight path. Because Amelia™ is able to sense everything befor the pilot does, so Amelia™ will tell the pilot to fly to the airport at a known safe altitude and then descend and fly a normaltraffic pattern.

On February 25, 2023, a Pilatus PC-12 crashed near Stagecoach, Nevada, about 14 minutes after departure from Reno, Nevada. In Reno had issued a winter storm warning, with snow, low visibility, and gusting winds. That said, the pilot is departing in demanding conditions. The Pilatus reached an altitude of 19,400 feet when ADS-B radar tracking showed the airplane in a descending right turn at a high rate of descent. According to the NTSB, the airplane broke apart in flight.

Although this aircraft is made for this kind of flying (icing, snowing conditions, with low visibility), if the captain still does not pay attention to the flight envelope at all times and any snow built up during the flight, the aircraft will still be in danger. We assume that the main reasons that cause this accident are turbulence and icing. Amelia™ can help to prevent the crash if there is a turbulence or stall happened. 

A Learjet 35A, which was flying from Philadelphia to Teterboro, NJ, crashed while attempting to land at Teterboro in good visibility on the afternoon of May 15, 2017. The NTSB shared audio transcripts from the cockpit voice recorder of the Learjet, which exposed the problematic functioning of the cockpit due to a pilot in command (PIC)  overloaded with tasks and a novice first officer (Second in command - SIC). This resulted in an aerodynamic stall at low altitude. There were other potential reasons such as the flight crew's lack of an approach briefing for the Teterboro airport. 

The PIC was distracted and overloaded with the task of making the left turn while the stall margin decreased. Amelia™ monitors the flight envelope in real-time presented as an intuitive hologram powered by Robometrics® AGI. Amelia™ could have immediately pointed out to the PIC that he was not adding enough power or lowering the engine nose to reduce angle of attack during the deadly left turn thus mitigating the PCI's lack of situational awareness that lead to the accident. 

In Parkersburg, West Virginia on October 18, 2022, a Beechcraft King Air E-90 was approaching Mid-Ohio Valley Regional Airport (KPKB) using the RNAV RWY 21 approach when it crashed into a car dealership parking lot. Unfortunately, both pilots on board the airplane died in the crash, but there were no injuries to anyone on the ground. The airplane had flown from John Glenn Columbus International Airport (KCMH) in Columbus, Ohio and had been on a 30-minute IFR flight to Mid-Ohio Valley Regional Airport. The flight had been authorized to land on Runway 21 at Mid-Ohio Valley Regional Airport just a few minutes before the crash occurred. 

We assume the main reason for this accident is icing condition, the weather is not good enought during the fligth, Amelia is able to tell the pilot that during this kind of situation, it's better to keep the speed up and do not use the flaps because of the icing situation. 

In December 2022, a TS9R aircraft crashed in the North Pole region, but there were no fatalities. The flight was in radar contact and had been cleared to 10,000 feet by North Pole Departure. The pilot eventually seemed to recover enough control to return for landing, however an unstable final approach resulted in a hard crash-landing and cargo tumbling out of the open cockpit. The AOPA Air Safety Institute made a preliminary assessment of the accident and provided safety tips for GA pilots.  

Amelia™ could have helped if the pilot, who was no other than Santa Clause, would have listened to her. Instead he was busy on my cell phone with his chief elf. We cannot truly know what was going on in Santa's mind, but here are many possibilities. From an outside perspective, it appeared that Santa was more concerned with finishing his call with the chief elf than listening to the Amelia™'s warning. He seemed to be thinking, 'I need to hurry and finish this call so we can get all the presents delivered on time.'

On May 20, 2022, during the MayDay STOL event in Wayne, Nebraska, a Cessna 140 crashed while attempting a traditional STOL demonstration due to strong winds. The pilot, Tom Dafoe, died in the accident, but no one on the ground was hurt. The accident occurred when the Cessna 140 made an S-turn to adjust its spacing behind a slower Zenith 701 aircraft, causing a stall and spin. This incident highlights the importance of having a backup plan when closely following a slower aircraft, such as breaking off and performing a go-around. 

In STOL drag, you always land with a tailwind. In these scenarios, using the holographic interface, Amelia™ could have helped the Cessna pilot understand the movement of wake turbulence  when the aircraft in front of them was getting closer. This would have alerted the Cessna pilot to not slow down and make the S turn as the airspeed would have been outside the flight envelope threshold.

Four individuals lost their lives on July 17, 2022, when a Cessna 172N and a Piper PA-46 Malibu crashed into each other while attempting to land at North Las Vegas Airport. The Malibu plane had two pilots on board and was given clearance to land on Runway 30L. During communication with the tower, the Malibu acknowledged the instructions three times. The Cessna 172 had a pilot and a student on board, and they were also in communication with the tower while attempting a short approach to Runway 30R. They acknowledged the clearance as well. The planes collided around 0.25 nautical miles from the approach end of Runway 30R. These events were reported in an official report.

The reason for this accident could be a combination of midair collision and a wrong surface operation event caused by the continuation bias, where the pilot assumed incorrectly that she was landing on the right runway. The collision occurred on the extended centerline of the right runway, and the wreckage from both aircrafts flew landed along the centerline of the right runway. The Malibu attempted to land on the right runway when it was actually cleared to land on the left runway. We assume that this accident was caused by midair collision amplified by continuation bias. 

The pilot in a high wing airplane has restricted visibility looking up, while the low wing restricts looking down. This is likely why neither pilot saw each other and caused the collision. Amelia™ would not have been of help for this issue. In addition, the pilot for Malibu didn't realize she was on the right runway when she was supposed to be on the left. Amelia™ has access to the flight plan and aircraft coordinates. She would have been able to detect the issue and warn the pilot about approaching the wrong runway.

On September 18, 2022, during the final heat of the Jet Gold race at the Stihl National Championship Air Races in Reno, Nevada, an Aero Vodochody L–29 Super Delfin crashed, resulting in the death of air race competitor Aaron Hogue. The pilot may have experienced G-induced loss of consciousness, a condition that can result from insufficient hydration, nutrition, and fatigue, as his maneuvering followed a classic G-LOC profile. Alternatively, there may have been some type of structural issue that prevented full control of the airplane.

Let's assume that the main reason for this jet crash accident is caused by the G-LOC profile that happened on the pilot. In this scenario, Amelia™ would have sensed that the pilot's breathing is abnormal, is fatigued,  and would have suggested the pilot to immediately get out of the flight track and land before the pilot became unconscious, to prevent the accident from happening.

On October 6, 2022, during a training flight at Newport News-Williamsburg International Airport (KPHF) in Virginia, a Cessna 172 crashed. Fortunately, no one on the ground was hurt, but the certified flight instructor (CFI) tragically died in the accident. The Cessna had a student pilot and another student on board, who sustained severe injuries and were taken to a hospital. The plane had taken off from Runway 20 and, around 80 seconds into the takeoff at a height of 100 feet, it suddenly pitched up aggressively, lost lift, and crashed 200 feet from the end of the runway.

Let's take the position that the accident was caused by the student pilot freezing and pulling too aggressively on the yoke that caused the engine to stall. The instructor did not have enough time and force to be able to push the yoke forward to reduce the angle of attack and keep the aircraft from getting out of the stall and the impact that followed.  Amelia™ could have helped to identify the distracted student pilot when the student froze and panicked. Amelia™'s can detect a pilot's emotion and is able to alert the pilot if she detects something unusual, here a pilot panicking and pulling the yoke too aggressively. In this case, the CFI would have also heard the alert and could have taken proactive measures to pull the Yoke forward to level the Cessna 172.

On September 8, 2022, a PiperSport plane crashed at the Santa Monica Municipal Airport. The accident caused a fire to break out on the airplane, but fortunately, nobody on the ground was harmed. Unfortunately, both the certified flight instructor (CFI) and the student pilot on board lost their lives in the crash. The flight was a discovery flight along the coastline, expected to take about 30 minutes, and had departed from Santa Monica Municipal Airport. As the PiperSport was approaching Runway 21, a Beechcraft King Air 350 began its takeoff roll, and about 40 seconds into the approach, the PiperSport crashed. The tower instructed the pilot of the PiperSport to be cautious of the wake turbulence caused by the King Air 350 and cleared them for the option, as the pilot had the King Air in sight. However, as the PiperSport was landing, the airplane's nose pitched up aggressively, causing the plane to spiral into the ground.

Amelia™ is able to detect the turbulence, so when the turbulence happens, Amelia™ could have helped with making sure that the student pilot is alert when the CFI is focusing on the traffic. 

On April 22, 2019, at West Houston Airport in Texas, the pilot of a Beechcraft Baron 58 prepared for a flight with five passengers. Before heading to the terminal, he did a preflight check on the aircraft in the early morning light. The flight was supposed to last a little over an hour. However, the pilot made a mistake in calculating the amount of fuel on board. He believed there were 54 usable gallons, but the legal minimum, including reserves, was 58 gallons. In reality, the flight only required about 38 gallons of fuel. Although the pilot thought he had enough fuel to complete the trip, his fuel plan left little margin for error, which proved disastrous and ultimately determined the flight's outcome.

Although Amelia™ can not control the aircraft, she can tell you whether this is a good idea to start the flight or not. Amelia™ can check the fuel due to the flight envelop during the flight, if the aircraft is in danger, Amelia™ will suggest to landing right away, so that the accident will not be occur. 

On July 27, 2017, a Lake Renegade amphibious aircraft arrived at the Oshkosh seaplane base during AirVenture week. The pilot, who had two passengers, wanted to leave after a short stay. However, the seaplane base staff warned the pilot of the perilous water conditions on Lake Winnebago due to choppy waves. Despite the warnings, the pilot decided to take off, and the plane crashed fatally while attempting to become airborne.

In this accident, the pilot ignored the persuasion of others and took off under inappropriate circumstances. In this case, Amelia™ can detect the pilot's emotions and give the pilot appropriate advice.

On April 13, 2022, a cargo pilot took off from Salt Lake City International Airport in Utah in a Cessna 208 Caravan on a cold spring morning. Her IFR flight plan directs her 133 nautical miles to the northwest, intending to execute the RNAV Runway 20 approach into Burley, Idaho. AOPA investigates the conditions that contributed to a tragic outcome while executing the GPS approach at Burley Municipal Airport. Various risk factors, including weather conditions and steam stacks from a nearby factory located below the flight path, close to the runway threshold, prove fatal during the final descent.

Due to the weather, the pilot miscalculated the approach and was flying too low, too early. The aircraft hit the steam stacks. Several minor items, stacked together, resulted in the accident. The speed was one of the issues. There also seems to be an issue with the pressure on the pilot from a past failed approach a day back. Smokestacks (exhaust plums) can make the aircraft unstable - icing, further lower visibility, emulating high density altitude. In addition, the runway in this case has a high minimum descent altitude and a steep vertical descent angle because of steam stacks. 

Amelia™ could help the pilot in many ways to avert the accident by monitoring the pilot's stress levels while keeping track of the aircraft's speed as it was near the steam stacks. Amelia™ could have also alerted the pilot about the airport's requirement of high minimum descent altitude and speed vertical descent angle.

On February 3, 2019, a pilot departs Fullerton Municipal Airport in California in a Cessna 414 Chancellor, planning to fly to Minden, Nevada. However, four minutes after departure, the flight encounters instrument meteorological conditions, despite being warned by air traffic control. Within two more minutes, the weather worsens, with microburst conditions, turbulence, and rain showers. The flight highlights how hazardous attitudes can be detrimental to pilots who ignore warnings.

With Amelia's help, it is impossible for the pilot to ignore the warning of air traffic control, as Amelia would have detected the air pressure as part of the realtime flight evnelope.

May 29, 2021. A National Transportation Safety Board report stated that the Tennessee plane crash in 2021, which killed Christian diet guru Gwen Shamblin Lara, her husband, son-in-law, and two married couples, was caused by the pilot's loss of control due to spatial disorientation during a climb. The Cessna 501 crashed into Percy Priest Lake in Smyrna shortly after takeoff, and flight tracking data revealed that the plane had entered the clouds and made several climbs and descends before beginning a steep, descending left turn. The movements were consistent with somatogravic illusion, and the pilot likely did not use instrumentation during takeoff and climb.

The design principle of Robometrics Machines' Living Interface™ is not to replicate how two Homo sapiens interact, but to provide the machine with the patterns needed to make Amelia™ spatially aware, respond to physical stimuli, and evolve overtime for the host personality. One of the main functions of Amelia™ is to keep an eye on the flight envelope in realtime, which could have avoided such flight accident. Amelia™ would have clearly indicated that the Cessna 501 was in a state of nose-up instead of nose-down. 

On August 19, 2002, two small planes collided in Northern California while attempting to land at Watsonville Municipal Airport. The crash resulted in multiple fatalities, with at least two of the three occupants killed. The Federal Aviation Administration reported that a twin-engine Cessna 340 with two people on board collided with a single-engine Cessna 152 with only the pilot on board. Franky Herrera was driving past the airport when he saw the twin-engine plane bank hard to the right and hit the wing of the smaller aircraft, which "just spiraled down and crashed" near the edge of the airfield. The planes crashed during their final approaches to the airport. No one on the ground was injured. 

When the aircraft is about to take off or land, Amelia™ helps the pilot keep an eye on the plane and its surroundings by showing the flight envelop in real time. This reduces the load on the pilot, giving them more time to focus on monitoring air traffic. Amelia™ is also aware of the pilot's emotions. Both the pilots in the Cessna 152 and the Cessna 340 would have benifited with Amelia™ onboard. Amelia™ would have helped give both the pilots more time to check for air traffic outside during landing, reduced their workload to monitor flight envelop parameters while also provided real time emotional awareness to pilots on their alertness and stress levels. 

On July 30 1971, the Pan American Boeing 747 hit an Approach Light Structure during takeoff from San Francisco International Airport. Two passengers were injured, and the flight continued for 1 hour and 42 minutes before landing on another runway. During the evacuation, four of the 10 passenger slides failed, and the aircraft tilted back onto the rear section of the fuselage. The accident was caused by the pilot using incorrect takeoff reference speeds due to irregularities in airport information, aircraft dispatching, and crew management, which rendered the air carrier's operational control system ineffective.

While Amelia™ is currently getting the flight envelop operating parameters from the avionics, she is not connected or receives information from ATC and ground crew so would have not detected issues with airport information, aircraft dispatching, or crew. At the sametime, the accident was the direct result of the incorrect takeoff reference speeds, which could have been detected by Amelia™'s holographic interface for flight envelop powered by the Living Interface™.

On March 6, 2023. Turbulence is the term for the movement of air that can send planes into sudden jolts and can be especially dangerous for people not wearing seatbelts. A Bombardier CL30 jet departing from DeLant Hopkins Field in Keene, New Hampshire, was headed to Leesburg Executive Airport, Virginia, and was diverted to Connecticut Airport around 4 p.m., resulting in one fatality due to severe turbulence.  

Although the occurrence of turbulence cannot be avoided, Amelia™ can detect turbulance few seconds before it will normally be felt by the pilot and passengers. In this case, Amelia™ could have warned the pilot about the turbulance so that appropriate prepration could have been made. 

On July 7 2007, Air Canada Flight 759 was cleared to land on Runway 28R at San Francisco International Airport, but the pilots mistakenly lined up for landing on the parallel taxiway C instead. The taxiway had four planes queueing for takeoff, and the Air Canada flight flew over them before being ordered to abort the landing. The pilots had relied on visual approach instead of the instrument landing system, and the airport's Airport Surface Surveillance Capability system failed to alert the tower of the potential conflict. The flight completed its go-around and landed without incident after the second approach.

Amelia™ can provide the status of the flight envelope in real time using the intuitive and easy to monitor holographic interface. Using this novel interface, the pilot has an additional tool for situational awareness.   Amelia™ can help the pilot monitor multiple tasks at the same time, which is impossible for humans. Humans can at most interleave. With the help of Amelia™, the pilot has reduced load during the flight that reduces mistakes. Amelia™ has been designed grounds up for general aviation but can help in commercial aircrafts such as the Air Canada Flight 759, where the using Amelia™, pilots would have more time to plan their approach through a combination of VFR and IFR. 

On March 7, 2023, four people were killed in a midair collision between a Piper J3 Cub seaplane and a Piper PA-28 fixed-wing plane over Lake Hartridge in Winter Haven, Florida. Among the deceased were a flight instructor, a student, and two occupants of the seaplane. The problem was likely due to lack of situational awareness or the pilot was not able to correctly monitor flight envelope parameters such as air speed and engine performance. 

With Amelia™'s help, pilots can avoid accidents like this from happening. Amelia™ through its holographic Living Interface powered flight envelope could have kept track of the air speed, engine performance, and proactively warned the pilot, avoiding the accident.

On July 6, 2013, Asiana Airlines flight 214 crashed at San Francisco International Airport, killing three passengers and injuring many others. The flight was approaching runway 28L when it struck a seawall. The flight crew mismanaged the airplane's descent, resulting in an unstabilized approach. The crew did not initiate a go-around despite indications of an unstabilized approach, and the airplane ultimately did not have the performance capability to accomplish a go-around when the crew finally attempted it. The flight crew's insufficient monitoring of airspeed indications during the approach was due to factors such as expectancy, increased workload, fatigue, and automation reliance. 

Robometrics AGI can help prevent such accidents. Amelia™ already knows your presence in the aircraft’s cockpit and has the ability to sense your emotions.  Amelia™ can also pitch in to assist when the aircraft is in a phase of flight where cognitive load can be high such as landing. Holographic Living Interface™  powering Amelia™, shows the airspeed variance when it falls outside the operating condition.